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Adult-Onset ADHD: A Critical Analysis and Alternative Explanations
Child Psychiatry & Human Development ( IF 2.776 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01159-w
Lea E. Taylor , Elizabeth A. Kaplan-Kahn , Rachel A. Lighthall , Kevin M. Antshel

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, data from several recent studies suggest that there may be adults who meet current criteria for ADHD, yet did not experience symptoms until adulthood (i.e., “adult-onset ADHD”). This systematic review evaluated and synthesized the empirical evidence on adult-onset ADHD to answer the question: Is the extant literature strong enough to evaluate adult-onset ADHD? Nine studies met strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results suggest that the methodologies of the extant studies were not strong enough to evaluate adult-onset ADHD. Insufficient methodologies provide presently unclear information about the nature of late-onset symptoms. These symptoms seem to exist but their source could be (1) adult-emergent symptoms that were previously surpassed due to lower environmental demands/supportive facilitators, (2) mimics that were not properly assessed, or (3) childhood-onset symptoms that were not detected earlier due to failure to come to clinical attention. Future directions, clinical recommendations, and limitations of the literature and the current review are discussed.



中文翻译:

成人多动症:批判性分析和替代解释

注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的特征是神经发育障碍。但是,最近几项研究的数据表明,可能有些成年人符合当前的多动症标准,但是直到成年后才出现症状(即“成人多动症”)。该系统评价评估并综合了关于成人ADHD的经验证据,以回答以下问题:现有文献是否足以评估成人ADHD?九项研究符合严格的纳入/排除标准。结果表明,现有研究的方法学不足以评估成年ADHD。方法不足,目前尚不清楚有关迟发症状的性质的信息。这些症状似乎存在,但其根源可能是(1)先前由于较低的环境需求/辅助支持者而超过的成人出现的症状,(2)没有经过适当评估的模仿物,或(3)曾出现过儿童期症状由于未能引起临床注意而未及早发现。讨论了未来的方向,临床建议以及文献和当前综述的局限性。

更新日期:2021-03-19
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