Abstract

Many alpheid shrimps live symbiotically on the body surface or inside the bodies of other invertebrates, while others use burrows made by other animals. The burrow symbiosis of alpheid shrimps is poorly studied in the context of ecology, probably because the cryptic infaunal nature of the relationship is hard to observe. The limited knowledge of the pattern of burrow use by alpheid shrimps leaves a gap in our understanding of their evolutionary history. We described and compared the behavior of Stenalpheops anacanthus Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus Kubo, 1936, two alpheid species living symbiotically in the burrows of the same host, Upogebia yokoyai Makarov, 1938. We found that both alpheid species used U. yokoyai burrows in aquaria, but their burrow use patterns were quite different. The average time taken for S. anacanthus to enter the burrow for the first time was much shorter (1 min) than that of A. japonicus (13 min). Subsequently, S. anacanthus made longer use of the burrow (80% of the observation period) than A. japonicus (49%). The tail-first exit frequency, which may indicate a sudden expulsion from the burrow by the host, was more frequent in A. japonicus (25%) than in S. anacanthus (7%). Such differences could be attributed to the nature of the symbiotic relationship, obligate in S. anacanthus but facultative in A. japonicus. Because of the diversity of symbiotic lifestyles, there is considerable potential to study the ecology and evolutionary biology of burrow-symbiotic alpheids further.

中文翻译：

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实验室定量分析显示，共生的拟南芥虾类Stenalpheops anacanthus Miya，1997年和Athanas japonicus Kubo，1936年（Decapoda：Caridea：Alpheidae）利用特定物种的Upogebia Leach，1814年（Decapoda：Gebiidea：Upogebiidae）洞穴的使用方式。

摘要

许多虾类虾在其他无脊椎动物的体表或体内共生，而其他虾则使用其他动物制作的洞穴。在生态学背景下，对虾类共生的洞穴共生研究很少，这可能是因为这种关系的隐秘的霉菌性很难观察到。对Alpheid虾的洞穴利用方式的了解有限，这在我们对它们的进化历史的理解上留下了空白。我们描述并比较了1997年的拟南芥和1936年的Athanas japonicus Kubo的行为，这两个共生于同一寄主洞穴中的拟南芥属，Upogebia yokoyai Makarov，1938年。我们发现两个拟南芥都使用U. yokoyaiai水族箱中的洞穴，但它们的洞穴使用方式却大不相同。沙门氏菌第一次进入洞穴的平均时间（1分钟）比日本沙棘（13分钟）要短得多。随后，相较于日本曲霉（A. japonicus）（49％），沙棘（S. anacanthus）对洞穴的利用时间更长（占观察期的80 ％）。尾巴先离开的频率，可能表明寄主突然从洞穴中驱逐出去，在日本刺五加（25％）比沙棘（7％）更频繁。这种差异可能归因于共生关系的性质，在黑棘链球菌中专一，而在日本刺槐中是兼性的。。由于共生生活方式的多样性，有进一步研究洞穴共生类脂的生态学和进化生物学的巨大潜力。