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Breaking Iron Triangles: Beliefs and Interests in Japanese Renewable Energy Policy
Social Science Japan Journal ( IF 0.478 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 , DOI: 10.1093/ssjj/jyaa048
Rie Watanabe

Abstract
This article analyses Japan’s renewable energy policy changes, with a focus on the interaction of multiple catalysts on changing positions, beliefs and interests of dominant-group members, and inducing non-incremental renewable policy changes (an innovative but less effective Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) in 2003 as well as a partial FIT for photovoltaics in 2009 and ultimately a more effective full-scale FIT to promote renewables in 2011). The examined multiple catalysts include the governing coalition change from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) in 2009 and four other catalysts (the oil crisis, climate change, electricity market liberalisation, and nuclear accidents) that relate to the values underlying Japan’s energy policymaking: energy security, environment, economic efficiency, and safety (3E+S). The article concludes that the latter four catalysts were critical in creating and expanding cleavages among dominant-group members over a long period sufficient to realise the introduction of RPS and a partial FIT, but not sufficient to introduce the full-scale FIT. The 3/11 disaster after the governing coalition change was indispensable to achieving a full-scale FIT as it affected dominant-group members’ interests in removing Kan Naoto from office, after Kan made the FIT law passage one of the conditions for his voluntary resignation. Based on the empirical study, this article also addresses one of the underexplored theoretical questions, the effects of and relationship between multiple catalysts in non-incremental policy change.


中文翻译:

打破铁三角:日本可再生能源政策的信念和利益

摘要
本文分析了日本的可再生能源政策变化,重点是影响主导群体成员的立场,信念和利益变化的多种催化剂之间的相互作用,以及引发非增量的可再生能源政策变化(一种创新但效果不佳的可再生能源投资组合标准),2003年的部分FIT和2009年的部分FIT,并最终在2011年推出了更有效的全面FIT来推广可再生能源)。考察的多种催化剂包括从2009年的自民党(LDP)到日本民主党(DPJ)的执政联盟变化,以及与之相关的其他四种催化剂(石油危机,气候变化,电力市场自由化和核事故)符合日本能源政策制定的基本价值观:能源安全,环境,经济效率和安全性(3E + S)。文章得出结论,后四种催化剂对于长期形成和扩大支配成员之间的分裂至关重要,足以实现引入RPS和部分FIT,但不足以引入全面FIT。执政联盟更迭后的3/11灾难对于实现全面FIT必不可少,因为它影响了优势集团成员在罢免Kan Naoto职务后的利益,因为Kan批准FIT法律通过是他自愿辞职的条件之一。 。在实证研究的基础上,本文还探讨了一个尚未被探讨的理论问题,即非增量政策变化中多种催化剂的影响及其之间的关系。
更新日期:2021-02-05
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