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Bladelet industries of the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Kazakhstan: A detailed analysis of carinated bladelet cores excavated from the newly discovered Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site in the Karatau mountains
Quaternary International ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.03.016
Sadakatsu Kunitake , Zhaken K. Taimagambetov

Kazakhstan, which connects the Altai mountains and Caucasus area of Uzbekistan, is an indispensable region in arguments about the diffusion and settlement of Homo sapiens in Asia. Upper Palaeolithic culture in eastern Kazakhstan and the northern Altai developed together. Nevertheless, reliable chronologic data from archaeological sites in these regions, necessary for understanding diffusion of Homo sapiens, are rare. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) culture in southern Kazakhstan through detailed analysis of materials from the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site (N43°06′36.24″, E70°34′03.70″). This is a site that was newly-discovered during survey in the Karatau mountains, at which two clear cultural layers were identified during excavations in 2018 and 2019. Although these two cultural layers consist of alluvial deposits formed by fluvial erosion of a hilly slope, their stratigraphic distribution was orderly and they likely remain in their original depositional positions. Material from the lower cultural layer, including carinated bladelet cores, medium-sized blade cores, and end/side scrapers on medium-sized blades, provides the data for this analysis. Statistical analysis of the bladelet cores indicates that the size and shape of bladelets from the cores of the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site were very similar to those from the Shugnou site in Tajikistan. Similarly, six types of bladelet cores are common at both the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site and at sites in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, especially the Shugnou site in Tajikistan. Therefore, the lower cultural layer appears to be an assemblage contemporaneous with the Early Upper Palaeolithic period in western Central Asia and related to the Kulbulakian tradition in which bladelet production predominated. The lower cultural layer at the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site is a valuable example of Kulbulakian tradition industry in Kazakhstan territory, making it critical in assessing the structure of lithic industries during the EUP period in western Central Asia and in understanding how modern humans adapted to the central portions of Eurasia.



中文翻译:

哈萨克斯坦南部旧石器时代早期上叶产业:对从新发现的 Karatau 山脉的 Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 遗址挖掘出的燧石小叶核的详细分析

哈萨克斯坦连接着乌兹别克斯坦的阿尔泰山脉和高加索地区,是有关智人在亚洲扩散和定居争论中不可或缺的地区。哈萨克斯坦东部旧石器时代晚期文化与阿尔泰北部地区共同发展。然而,来自这些地区考古遗址的可靠年代数据,对于理解智人的传播是必要的,很少见。本文的目的是通过对 Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 遗址(N43°06′36.24″,E70°34′03.70″)的材料进行详细分析,评估哈萨克斯坦南部旧石器时代早期(EUP)文化。这是在卡拉套山调查中新发现的遗址,在 2018 年和 2019 年的发掘中确定了两个明显的文化层。 虽然这两个文化层是由丘陵斜坡的河流侵蚀形成的冲积沉积物组成,但它们的地层分布有序,很可能保持在原来的沉积位置。来自较低文化层的材料,包括燧石叶片芯、中型叶片芯和中型叶片上的端/侧刮刀,为该分析提供了数据。对小叶核的统计分析表明,Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 站点核心的小叶大小和形状与来自塔吉克斯坦 Shugnou 站点的小叶非常相似。类似地,Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 站点以及塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦的站点,尤其是塔吉克斯坦的 Shugnou 站点,共有 6 种类型的小叶核。因此,较低的文化层似乎是与中亚西部旧石器时代早期早期的一个组合,并与以小刀生产为主的库尔布拉克传统有关。Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 遗址的较低文化层是哈萨克斯坦境内库尔布拉克传统工业的宝贵例子,

更新日期:2021-03-18
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