The 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano produced one of the largest and most destructive lava flows in Hawai’i during the past 200 years. Over the course of more than 3 months, twenty-four fissures erupted, and the rate of lava effusion varied by two orders of magnitude, with significant implications for evolving flow behavior and hazards. Syn-eruptive data were collected to quantify these changes in lava effusion rate, including video of flow through channels and digital elevation models acquired using small unoccupied aircraft systems, airborne lidar, and airborne single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Topographic data through time allowed calculation of subaerial lava flow volume and time-averaged discharge rate over the course of the eruption, which we integrated with pre- and post-eruption bathymetric surveys. Repeat videos of the near-vent channel were analyzed with particle velocimetry to extract flow velocities, and these were combined with open channel flow theory to calculate a time series of instantaneous effusion rates. Results show a general increase in dense rock equivalent (DRE) effusion rate from ~7 to ~100 m³/s from early to late May for the whole flow field and ≥ 200 m³/s by mid-June after the eruption had focused at a primary vent. By the end of the eruption in August, 0.9–1.4 km³ DRE of lava had erupted, with 0.4 km³ deposited on land and at least 0.5 km³ offshore. The trends in effusion rate through time reflect magmatic processes in the connected summit and rift zone system that controlled eruption rate, with resulting implications for lava flow dynamics and hazards.

在过去200年中，2018年基拉韦厄火山东纵裂带下游的火山喷发产生了夏威夷最大，最具破坏性的熔岩流之一。在超过3个月的过程中，爆发了24个裂缝，熔岩喷出的速率变化了两个数量级，这对不断演变的流动行为和危害产生了重大影响。收集了协同数据以量化熔岩喷出速率的这些变化，包括流经通道的视频和使用小型小型飞机系统，机载激光雷达和机载单程干涉式合成孔径雷达获得的数字高程模型。通过时间的地形数据可以计算出火山喷发过程中的地下熔岩流量和时间平均流量，我们与喷发前和喷发后的测深调查相结合。用粒子测速仪分析近排气通道的重复视频，以提取流速，并将其与明渠流动理论相结合，以计算瞬时积液速率的时间序列。结果表明，致密岩石当量（DRE）渗出速率从约7到100 m普遍增加³从早期/ s到月下旬整个流场和≥200米³ / s的由六月中旬爆发已经聚焦在主排气后。到8月喷发结束时，喷发了0.9-1.4 km ³的熔岩DRE，其中陆上沉积了0.4 km ³，近海至少沉积了0.5 km ³。随时间的积水速率趋势反映了控制喷发速率的相连山顶和裂谷带系统中的岩浆过程，从而对熔岩流动力学和危害产生了影响。