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Local Variation in Gendered Family Policy Use: Evidence of Local Gender Contracts?
Spatial Demography Pub Date : 2021-03-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00082-x
Karen Haandrikman , Ann-Zofie Duvander , Natasha A. Webster

A central and unique part of Sweden’s family policy programme is care leave that working parents can use when children are sick and cannot attend (pre)school. The gender-equal policy entails that parents may divide the leave as they see fit. However, mothers and fathers do not share care leave equally and care leave patterns may vary geographically. The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction between gendered care leave and geographical context using the theory of gender contracts. We ask how geographical variation in fathers’ share of care leave varies by scale, and how both individual factors and geographical determinants, representing local gender contracts, are associated with fathers’ share of care leave. Distinctive from previous work, we use geocoded full-population register data and individualized neighbourhoods at multiple scales in order to be able to better measure contextual effects on care leave use. We find substantial spatial variation in fathers’ share of care leave, with clustering depending on scale level. Using the nearest 200 fathers with young children, a factor analysis summarizes local gender contracts into three factors labelled as elite, marginalization and private sector. Results show that especially living in local gender contract areas identified as “marginalized” positively affects fathers’ share of care leave. Living in the most segregated neighbourhoods has substantial effects on fathers’ share of care leave, but overall, neighbourhood effects are moderate. A gender contract perspective shows negotiations resulting from locally clustered gendered norms and relative resources between partners influence who stays home with sick children.



中文翻译:

性别家庭政策使用中的本地差异:本地性别合同的证据吗?

瑞典家庭政策计划的核心和独特部分是育儿假,当孩子生病且无法上学前,在职父母可以使用该假。男女平等政策要求父母可以在他们认为合适的情况下分割假期。但是,母亲和父亲不能平均分配护理假,并且护理假的方式可能会因地理位置而异。本文的目的是使用性别契约理论研究性别护理假与地理环境之间的相互作用。我们询问父亲在休假中所占比例的地域差异如何随规模变化,以及代表当地性别合同的个人因素和地理决定因素如何与父亲在休假中所占的比例相关联。与以前的工作截然不同,我们使用经过地理编码的全人口登记数据和多个尺度的个性化邻里,以便能够更好地衡量护理假使用的环境影响。我们发现父亲在休假中所占的比例存在很大的空间差异,并且根据规模水平进行聚类。使用最近的200个有小孩的父亲,进行因素分析,将当地的性别契约概括为三个因素,分别标记为精英,边缘化和私营部门。结果表明,特别是生活在被确认为“边缘化”的地方性别契约地区,这对父亲分担的育儿假产生了积极影响。居住在最偏僻的社区对父亲的育儿假期份额有重大影响,但总体而言,邻居影响中等。

更新日期:2021-03-18
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