SummaryNeoliberal land reforms to increase economic development have important implications for biodiversity conservation. This paper investigates land reform in New Zealand’s South Island that divides leased state-owned stations (ranches) with private grazing leases into state-owned conservation land, private land owned by the former leaseholder and private land under protective covenant (similar to conservation easement). Conserved lands had less threatened vegetation, lower productivity, less proximity to towns and steeper slopes than privatized lands. Covenants on private land were more common in intermediate zones with moderate land-use productivity and slope. Lands identified with ecological or recreational ‘significant inherent values’ were more likely to shift into conserved or covenant status. Yet among lands with identified ecological values, higher-threat areas were more likely to be privatized than lower-threat areas. This paper makes two novel contributions: (1) quantitatively examining the role of scientific recommendations about significant inherent values in land reform outcomes; and (2) examining the use of conservation covenants on privatized land. To achieve biodiversity goals, it is critical to avoid or prevent the removal of land-use restrictions beyond protected areas.

中文翻译：

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新西兰高地土地改革中的保护和私有化决策

摘要为促进经济发展而进行的新自由主义土地改革对生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文研究了新西兰南岛的土地改革，将租赁的国有牧场（牧场）与私人放牧租赁划分为国有保护土地、前承租人拥有的私人土地和保护契约下的私人土地（类似于保护地役权） . 与私有化的土地相比，受保护的土地受到的威胁更少，生产力更低，离城镇更近，斜坡更陡峭。私人土地契约在土地利用生产力和坡度适中的中间地带更为普遍。具有生态或休闲“重要内在价值”的土地更有可能转变为受保护或契约状态。然而，在具有确定生态价值的土地中，高威胁地区比低威胁地区更有可能被私有化。本文提出了两个新的贡献：（1）定量地检验科学建议在土地改革成果中的重要内在价值的作用；(2) 审查保护契约在私有化土地上的使用。为了实现生物多样性目标，避免或防止取消保护区以外的土地使用限制至关重要。