In this article, laminar forced convection heat transfer in two-dimensional channel is investigated numerically. This investigation provides significant insight into recognizing the key parameters affecting the properties of the second law of thermodynamics, Darcy friction factor, performance evaluation criterion (PEC) and heat transfer. Because changes in the volume fraction of nanoparticles are significant, the Eulerian–Eulerian two-phase model is considered to simulate nanofluid flow. To enhance heat transfer, single jet and twin jets of ethylene glycol–SiO₂ nanofluid are used. The pure ethylene glycol flows from the channel inlet and mixes with the flow of single jet or twin jets. The effects of the number of jet injection (single or twin), the concentration of nanoparticles and inlet velocity of jets are assessed using computational fluid dynamics. Jet injection with constant heat flux can lead to decrease in the general thermal and increase in the frictional entropy generation rates. With jet injection into the ethylene glycol flow, Nusselt number, Darcy friction factor and PEC increase. The nanoparticles’ addition to ethylene glycol increases the heat transfer from the target surface.

本文对二维通道内层流强迫对流换热进行了数值研究。这项研究为识别影响热力学第二定律，达西摩擦因数，性能评估标准（PEC）和传热的关键参数提供了重要的见识。由于纳米颗粒体积分数的变化很明显，因此认为欧拉-欧拉两相模型可以模拟纳米流体的流动。为了增强热传递，乙二醇-SiO _2的单喷和双喷使用纳米流体。纯乙二醇从通道入口流出，并与单喷流或双喷流混合。使用计算流体动力学评估喷射喷射次数（单次或两次），纳米颗粒的浓度和喷射速度的影响。具有恒定热通量的喷射注入会导致总体热的降低和摩擦熵产生速率的增加。随着射流注入乙二醇流，Nusselt数，Darcy摩擦系数和PEC增大。纳米颗粒向乙二醇中的添加增加了从目标表面的传热。