We present a fascinating model that has lately caught attention among physicists working in complexity related fields. Though it originated from mathematics and later from economics, the model is very enlightening in many aspects that we shall highlight in this review. It is called The Stable Marriage Problem (though the marriage metaphor can be generalized to many other contexts), and it consists of matching men and women, considering preference-lists where individuals express their preference over the members of the opposite gender. This problem appeared for the first time in 1962 in the seminal paper of Gale and Shapley and has aroused interest in many fields of science, including economics, game theory, computer science, etc. Recently it has also attracted many physicists who, using the powerful tools of statistical mechanics, have also approached it as an optimization problem. Here we present a complete overview of the Stable Marriage Problem emphasizing its multidisciplinary aspect, and reviewing the key results in the disciplines that it has influenced most. We focus, in particular, in the old and recent results achieved by physicists, finally introducing two new promising models inspired by the philosophy of the stable marriage problem. Moreover, we present an innovative reinterpretation of the problem, useful to highlight the revolutionary role of information in the contemporary economy.

我们提出了一个引人入胜的模型，该模型最近引起了从事复杂性相关领域工作的物理学家的关注。尽管该模型起源于数学，后来又起源于经济学，但该模型在许多方面都非常有启发性，我们将在本次审查中重点介绍该模型。它被称为“稳定婚姻问题”（尽管婚姻隐喻可以推广到许多其他情况），它由匹配的男性和女性组成，并考虑了个人对异性成员表达偏好的偏好列表。该问题于1962年在Gale和Shapley的开创性论文中首次出现，引起了人们对许多科学领域的兴趣，包括经济学，博弈论，计算机科学等。最近，它还吸引了许多物理学家，他们使用强大的统计力学的工具，也将其作为优化问题来处理。在这里，我们对稳定婚姻问题进行了全面概述，强调了它的多学科方面，并回顾了对其影响最大的学科的主要成果。我们尤其关注物理学家取得的最新成果，最后介绍了两种新的有希望的模型，这些模型受稳定婚姻问题的哲学启发。此外，我们提出了对该问题的创新性解释，有助于强调信息在当代经济中的革命性作用。在物理学家取得的过去和最近的成果的基础上，终于引入了两个受稳定婚姻问题哲学启发的新的有希望的模型。此外，我们提出了对该问题的创新性解释，有助于强调信息在当代经济中的革命性作用。在物理学家取得的过去和最近的成果的基础上，终于引入了两种新的有前途的模型，这些模型受稳定婚姻问题的哲学启发。此外，我们提出了对该问题的创新性解释，有助于强调信息在当代经济中的革命性作用。