Ecological resilience is widely acknowledged as a vital attribute of successful ecosystem restoration, with potential for restoration practice to contribute to this goal. Hence, defining common metrics of resilience to naturally occurring disturbances is essential for restoration planning, efforts, and monitoring. Here, we reviewed how plant community ecologists have measured resilience of restoration projects to disturbances and propose a framework to guide measurement of restoration projects to disturbance. We found 22 studies that investigated the impact of disturbances on restoration projects, from three continents and for three disturbance types. Over half of the studies were from Australia, with the dataset biased toward fire responses of restored, or partially restored, forest ecosystems. Native plant species richness, cover, and density were common response variables. Studies varied in restoration context, design, response variables, and statistical approaches, limiting generalizations. Nonetheless we have identified several response variables that offer potential as lagging indicators (e.g. species richness) and leading indicators (e.g. recruitment) of resilience in diverse vegetation types exposed to a variety of disturbance regimes. We suggest a third set of variables, proxy measures of resilience (e.g. functional redundancy), to complement lagging and leading indicators. We conclude with a framework to guide decisions about when to use each of the three types of measures to assess resilience of restoration projects to disturbance, providing some clarity to decision-making despite the uncertainty of changing disturbance regimes. Lastly, we invite researchers to understand the impact of disturbance on the resilience of restoration projects, rather than assume resilience.

中文翻译：

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衡量恢复项目中干扰影响的框架

生态恢复力被广泛认为是成功恢复生态系统的一个重要属性，恢复实践有可能为实现这一目标做出贡献。因此，定义对自然发生的干扰的恢复能力的通用指标对于恢复规划、工作和监测至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了植物群落生态学家如何测量恢复项目对干扰的恢复力，并提出了一个框架来指导恢复项目对干扰的测量。我们发现了 22 项研究，这些研究调查了来自三大洲的三种干扰类型的干扰对恢复项目的影响。超过一半的研究来自澳大利亚，数据集偏向于恢复或部分恢复的森林生态系统的火灾响应。本土植物物种丰富度、覆盖度、和密度是常见的响应变量。研究在恢复环境、设计、响应变量和统计方法方面各不相同，限制了概括。尽管如此，我们已经确定了几个响应变量，它们提供了潜在的滞后指标（例如物种丰富度）和领先指标（例如补充）在暴露于各种干扰机制的不同植被类型中的恢复力。我们建议使用第三组变量，即弹性的替代措施（例如功能冗余），以补充滞后指标和领先指标。我们最后提出了一个框架来指导决定何时使用三种类型的措施中的每一种来评估恢复项目对干扰的恢复能力，尽管干扰状态变化的不确定性为决策提供了一些清晰度。最后，