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Early successional riparian vegetation is important for western Yellow-billed Cuckoo nesting habitat
Restoration Ecology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 , DOI: 10.1111/rec.13376
Patti J. Wohner 1, 2 , Stephen A. Laymon 3 , Jenna E. Stanek 4 , Sammy L. King 5 , Robert J. Cooper 6
Affiliation  

Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Cuckoo; Coccyzus americanus) populations continue to decline in the western United States despite efforts to increase availability of riparian forest. Cuckoos have unique breeding habitat requirements such as large contiguous tracts of riparian forest (>80 ha), large estimated home ranges (20–90 ha), and dense vertical structure around the nest. However, local habitat-scale features may be missing in landscapes of predominantly mature riparian forest that may need to be specifically managed for nesting. We used historical nest data (n = 95) from the South Fork Kern River Valley, California, from 1985 to 1996 to identify important nest site features that may be missing in current riparian forests. We found that increased canopy cover and vertical structure at all levels in the canopy greatly increased the probability of Cuckoo nesting. With smaller estimated effect sizes, the probability of Cuckoo nesting increased with increasing willows and forbs and smaller mean tree dbh. Cuckoos selected plots with disproportionately high percent willow cover relative to availability plots regardless of whether sites had low or high percent willow available. Counts of fledged young were positively related to willow percentage. No vegetation variable influenced daily survival rate which was 0.991 (LCI = 0.980, UCI = 0.996). Overall 17-day nest success was likely high (0.86, LCI = 0.71, UCI = 0.93). In the absence of natural processes that create early successional stage forest, specific management for early successional stage forest is needed to increase the probability of Cuckoo nesting and nest productivity.

中文翻译:

早期演替河岸植被对西部黄嘴杜鹃筑巢栖息地很重要

尽管努力增加河岸森林的可用性,但美国西部的西部黄嘴杜鹃(Cuckoo;Coccyzus americanus)种群数量继续下降。杜鹃有独特的繁殖栖息地要求,例如大片连续的河岸森林(> 80 公顷)、估计的大型栖息地(20-90 公顷)以及巢周围密集的垂直结构。然而,在主要成熟的河岸森林景观中可能缺少当地栖息地尺度特征,可能需要专门管理筑巢。我们使用了历史嵌套数据 ( n = 95) 从 1985 年到 1996 年来自加利福尼亚州南福克克恩河谷,以确定当前河岸森林中可能缺失的重要巢址特征。我们发现,增加树冠盖度和树冠中各级垂直结构,大大增加了杜鹃筑巢的概率。在较小的估计效应大小下,杜鹃筑巢的概率随着柳树和杂草的增加以及平均树 dbh 的减小而增加。Cuckoos 选择了柳树覆盖率相对于可用性地块不成比例地高的地块,而不管站点的可用柳树百分比是低还是高。成熟幼鸟的数量与柳树百分比呈正相关。没有植被变量影响每日存活率为 0.991(LCI = 0.980,UCI = 0.996)。17 天的整体筑巢成功率可能很高(0.86,LCI = 0.71,UCI = 0.93)。在缺乏形成早期演替阶段森林的自然过程的情况下,需要对早期演替阶段森林进行特定管理,以增加布谷鸟筑巢的可能性和筑巢生产力。
更新日期:2021-03-16
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