Reducing soil nutrient availability has been proposed as a strategy to favor native vs. non-native invasive plant species and represents a potential alternative to traditional manual removal or chemical control methods. We implemented a field experiment in invaded dry and wet montane Hawaiian ecosystems to test responses of soil and dominant plant species to three soil nutrient treatments (Control = no nutrient manipulation; Carbon = C substrate added to reduce nutrients; Fertilizer = fertilizer added to increase nutrients) and two non-native plant treatments (Weeds removed; Weeds present) in a fully factorial experiment in each ecosystem over 18 months. Carbon amendments reduced soil inorganic nutrient availability by 60–70% in dry shrubland and 30–50% in wet forest. Fertilizer amendments increased soil inorganic nutrient availability by >20-fold. Altered nutrient availability did not impact gross mineralization or nitrification rates in either ecosystem. In dry shrubland, neither C amendments nor weed removal altered growth or reproduction, but fertilizer increased woody growth and forb/grass reproduction in both natives and non-natives. In wet forest, weed removal but not C amendments increased growth and survival of native woody seedlings, while fertilizer decreased native seedling survival and increased non-native woody seedling growth. Overall, growth and reproduction of native and non-natives responded similarly to altered nutrient availability, indicating that for the tropical ecosystems and species examined, manipulating nutrient availability does not favor native versus non-native invasive plants in the first 18 months. In contrast, weed removal had positive effects on native plant growth, likely mediated through changes in other resources.

中文翻译：

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夏威夷入侵干湿热带生态系统中土壤养分操纵和除草的恢复效益

减少土壤养分的有效性已被提议作为一种有利于本地与非本地入侵植物物种的策略，并代表了传统手动清除或化学控制方法的潜在替代方案。我们在入侵的干燥和潮湿的夏威夷山地生态系统中进行了田间试验，以测试土壤和优势植物物种对三种土壤养分处理的反应（对照 = 无养分操作；碳 = 添加 C 基质以减少养分；肥料 = 添加肥料以增加养分) 和两种非本地植物处理（去除杂草；存在杂草）在每个生态系统中进行超过 18 个月的完全析因实验。碳添加物使干燥灌木林中土壤无机养分的有效性降低了 60-70%，湿林中降低了 30-50%。肥料改良剂增加了土壤无机养分的有效性 > 20 倍。改变的养分可用性不会影响任一生态系统中的总矿化或硝化率。在干燥的灌木林中，碳添加和杂草去除都没有改变生长或繁殖，但肥料增加了本地和非本地的木本生长和杂草/草的繁殖。在潮湿的森林中，除草而不是 C 修正增加了本地木本幼苗的生长和存活，而肥料降低了本地木本幼苗的存活率并增加了非本地木本幼苗的生长。总体而言，本地和非本地植物的生长和繁殖对养分可用性改变的反应相似，这表明对于所检查的热带生态系统和物种而言，在前 18 个月内，操纵养分供应不利于本地与非本地入侵植物。相比之下，