Data indicate that controlling inflammatory responses to COVID-19 may be as important as antiviral therapies or could be an important adjunctive approach. Melatonin possesses anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immune-enhancing features directly and/or indirectly through its own receptor signaling and is therefore well suited to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Studies have proposed that melatonin regulates COVID-19–associated proteins directly through regulation of molecules such as calmodulin (CALM) 1 and CALM 2, calreticulin (CalR), or myeloperoxidase (MPO) and/or indirectly through actions on GPCR (eg, MTNR1A, MTNR1B) and nuclear (eg, RORα, RORβ) melatonin receptor signaling. However, the exact mechanism(s) and doses by which melatonin reduces the severity of COVID-19 is still open for debate, warranting the need for further testing of melatonin in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials for COVID-19.

中文翻译：

---

褪黑激素对褪黑激素受体的多方面药理作用汇聚以消除 COVID-19

数据表明，控制对 COVID-19 的炎症反应可能与抗病毒治疗一样重要，也可能是一种重要的辅助方法。褪黑激素通过其自身的受体信号直接和/或间接地具有抗炎、抗氧化和增强免疫功能，因此非常适合降低 COVID-19 的严重程度。研究表明，褪黑激素通过调节钙调蛋白 (CALM) 1 和 CALM 2、钙网蛋白 (CalR) 或髓过氧化物酶 (MPO) 等分子直接调节 COVID-19 相关蛋白和/或通过对 GPCR 的作用间接调节（例如，MTNR1A , MTNR1B) 和核 (例如, RORα, RORβ) 褪黑激素受体信号。然而，褪黑激素降低 COVID-19 严重程度的确切机制和剂量仍有待商榷，