Unraveling the physics of the entire turbulent cascade of energy in space and astrophysical plasmas from the injection of energy at large scales to the dissipation of that energy into plasma heat at small scales, represents an overarching, open question in heliophysics and astrophysics. The fast cadence and high phase‐space resolution of particle velocity distribution measurements on modern spacecraft missions, such as the recently launched Parker Solar Probe, presents exciting new opportunities for identifying turbulent dissipation mechanisms using in situ measurements of the particle velocity distributions and electromagnetic fields. Here we demonstrate how to use data from kinetic numerical simulations of plasma turbulence to create synthetic spacecraft data; this data set can then be used to determine instrumental requirements to identify specific particle energization mechanisms. Using such synthetic data, downsampled to the velocity phase‐space resolution available from the plasma instruments on several past and present missions, we compute the resulting velocity‐space signature of ion Landau damping using the recently developed Field‐Particle Correlation (FPC) technique. We find that only recent missions have sufficiently fine phase‐space resolution to resolve the characteristic resonant features of the ion Landau damping signature. Coupled with numerical determinations of the velocity‐space signatures of different proposed particle energization mechanisms, this strategy enables the specification of instrumental capabilities required to achieve science goals on the topic of plasma heating and particle acceleration in turbulent heliospheric plasmas.

中文翻译：

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确定用于解决离子Landau阻尼的速度-空间特征的阈值工具分辨率

从大规模的能量注入到小规模的等离子体能量消散，再到空间和天体等离子体的整个湍流能量级联的物理学解说，是太阳物理学和天体物理学中一个首要的，开放的问题。现代航天器飞行任务（例如最近发射的Parker太阳探测器）的快速节奏和高相空间分辨率测量，为使用原位测量粒子速度分布和电磁场的湍流耗散机制提供了令人兴奋的新机会。在这里，我们演示了如何使用等离子体湍流动力学数值模拟中的数据创建合成的航天器数据。然后，可以使用此数据集来确定仪器需求，以识别特定的粒子激励机制。使用这样的合成数据，在过去和现在的几次任务中，对等离子仪器的速度相空间分辨率进行下采样，我们使用最新开发的场-粒子相关性（FPC）技术计算离子Landau阻尼的速度空间特征。我们发现只有最近的飞行任务才具有足够精细的相空间分辨率，才能解决离子兰道阻尼特征的特征共振特征。结合不同提议的粒子激励机制的速度空间特征的数值确定，