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Irreversibility as thermodynamic time
Open Physics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1515/phys-2021-0018 Charles C. Hwang 1
Open Physics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1515/phys-2021-0018 Charles C. Hwang 1
Affiliation
In Newtonian mechanics, time and space are perceived as absolute entities. In Einstein’s relativity theory, time is frame dependent. Time is also affected by gravitational field and as the field varies in space, time also varies throughout space. In the present article, the thermodynamic-based time is investigated. In macroscopic view of thermodynamics, energy is conserved in every system or process. On the other hand, exergy (availability) is not conserved and can be destroyed, and “irreversibility” is generated. Since each thermodynamic system may generate different amounts of irreversibility, this quantity is system dependent. The present article investigates the characteristics of entity irreversibility. (1) It is found that the entity behaves in the similar manner as the clock time in the standard configuration of inertial frames under Lorentz transformation. (2) It is also found that the entity is affected by gravity fields in the similar manner as the clock time. We have demonstrated that, like clock time, irreversibility is frame dependent, and affected by gravity in the similar manner as the clock time. For these reasons, we propose to call the irreversibility of the system as the thermodynamic time. The time’s arrow is automatically satisfied, since irreversibility generation always proceeds in one direction (toward future). Based on the strength of the findings (1) and (2), a possible application of the irreversibility is an interpretation and management of the aging of biological systems. It is shown by other authors that entropy generation (equivalent to irreversibility) is a parameter for the human life span. Our sensation of time flow may be attributed to the flow of availability and destruction of it through the living system.
中文翻译:
热力学时间不可逆
在牛顿力学中,时间和空间被视为绝对实体。在爱因斯坦的相对论中,时间与帧有关。时间也受引力场的影响,并且随着场在空间中的变化,时间在整个空间中也会变化。在本文中,研究了基于热力学的时间。从热力学的宏观角度看,能量在每个系统或过程中都是守恒的。另一方面,火用(可用性)不被保留并且可以被破坏,并且产生“不可逆性”。由于每个热力学系统可能会产生不同数量的不可逆性,因此该数量取决于系统。本文研究了实体不可逆性的特征。(1)发现在Lorentz变换下,该实体的行为与惯性帧的标准配置中的时钟时间类似。(2)还发现实体受重力场影响的方式与时钟时间类似。我们已经证明,与时钟时间一样,不可逆性也取决于帧,并且受重力影响的方式与时钟时间类似。由于这些原因,我们建议将系统的不可逆性称为热力学时间。由于不可逆性生成始终沿一个方向(朝向未来)进行,因此自动满足了时间箭头。根据发现(1)和(2)的强度,不可逆性的可能应用是对生物系统老化的解释和管理。其他作者表明,熵的产生(相当于不可逆性)是人类寿命的一个参数。我们对时间流的感觉可能归因于可用性的流动以及对生命流的破坏。
更新日期:2021-01-01
中文翻译:
热力学时间不可逆
在牛顿力学中,时间和空间被视为绝对实体。在爱因斯坦的相对论中,时间与帧有关。时间也受引力场的影响,并且随着场在空间中的变化,时间在整个空间中也会变化。在本文中,研究了基于热力学的时间。从热力学的宏观角度看,能量在每个系统或过程中都是守恒的。另一方面,火用(可用性)不被保留并且可以被破坏,并且产生“不可逆性”。由于每个热力学系统可能会产生不同数量的不可逆性,因此该数量取决于系统。本文研究了实体不可逆性的特征。(1)发现在Lorentz变换下,该实体的行为与惯性帧的标准配置中的时钟时间类似。(2)还发现实体受重力场影响的方式与时钟时间类似。我们已经证明,与时钟时间一样,不可逆性也取决于帧,并且受重力影响的方式与时钟时间类似。由于这些原因,我们建议将系统的不可逆性称为热力学时间。由于不可逆性生成始终沿一个方向(朝向未来)进行,因此自动满足了时间箭头。根据发现(1)和(2)的强度,不可逆性的可能应用是对生物系统老化的解释和管理。其他作者表明,熵的产生(相当于不可逆性)是人类寿命的一个参数。我们对时间流的感觉可能归因于可用性的流动以及对生命流的破坏。