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Efficacy of statistical process control procedures to monitor deviations in physical behavior for preclinical detection of bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle
Livestock Science ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104488
Lauren R. Wottlin , Gordon E. Carstens , William C. Kayser , William E. Pinchak , Pablo J. Pinedo , John T. Richeson

Opportunities exist to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment and animal welfare standards through use of remote sensor technologies for early detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). A post-hoc analysis using statistical process control (SPC) procedures was performed on continuously-recorded physical activity data collected from BRD-diagnosed and healthy calves from Pillen et al. (2016). We hypothesized that SPC models that monitor physical activity traits (step count, motion index, standing time, lying bouts) would yield higher diagnostic accuracies compared to methods based on visual observation of clinical signs of illness for detecting the onset of BRD. Crossbred steers and bulls (n = 266; initial BW = 180 kg) at high risk for BRD were fitted with leg-attached accelerometers (IceQube, IceRobotics, Ltd.) upon arrival at a commercial feedlot and evaluated for 56 d Overall, calves experienced 48% morbidity, with the average day of first treatment occurring 16 d post-feedlot arrival. Shewhart charts were used to evaluate daily changes in each trait as univariate models and combined traits in principal component analysis (PCA)–constructed multivariate models, relative to the day of BRD diagnosis. Diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each model and compared. The univariate models had relatively low sensitivities (< 40%), with specificities ranging from 23 to 81%, and chart signaling occurred up to 2 d prior to visual diagnosis of BRD. The univariate model for step count had the highest accuracy (52.3%), while lying time had the lowest accuracy (32%). The multivariate models that included all 4 physical activity traits or only lying bout behavior had moderate sensitivities (44 to 57%), but low specificities (< 37%), and chart signaling occurred 2 d prior to visual diagnosis. The relatively low diagnostic test accuracies of the SPC models reported in this study may have been due to substantial within-animal daily variation in the physical activity traits and(or) the limited time for adequate model training prior to the onset of BRD cases. Future research should investigate SPC analysis of multifactorial algorithms using physical activity and feeding behavior traits to improve the accuracy of preclinical detection of BRD.



中文翻译:

统计过程控制程序可监测生理行为的偏差,以便在临床前检测育肥牛的牛呼吸道疾病

通过使用遥感技术对牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)进行早期检测,存在改善抗菌治疗和动物福利标准的机会。使用统计过程控制(SPC)程序对事后进行了事后分析,这些事是从Bill诊断的健康小牛和Pillen等人的健康小牛收集的连续记录的身体活动数据上进行的。(2016)。我们假设监视身体活动特征(步数,运动指数,站立时间,卧推)的SPC模型与基于视觉观察疾病临床症状以检测BRD发作的方法相比,将产生更高的诊断准确性。杂交公牛和公牛(n = 266; BRD高风险人群的初始体重= 180公斤)在到达商业饲养场时安装了腿部加速度计(IceQube,IceRobotics,Ltd.),并进行了56 d评估。总体而言,犊牛的发病率为48%,平均每天初次治疗发生在育肥后16天。使用Shewhart图表评估相对于BRD诊断日而言,作为主变量分析(PCA)构建的多元模型的单性模型和组合性状的每个特征的每日变化。计算每个模型的诊断测试灵敏度和特异性,并进行比较。单变量模型的敏感性相对较低(<40%),特异性范围为23%至81%,并且在视觉诊断BRD之前的2 d内发生图表信号。步数的单变量模型具有最高的准确性(52。3%),而躺卧时间的准确度最低(32%)。包括所有4种体育活动特征或仅卧床行为的多变量模型具有中等敏感性(44%至57%),但特异性低(<37%),并且图表信号在视觉诊断前2天发生。这项研究中报道的SPC模型的诊断测试准确性相对较低,可能是由于动物体内体育活动性状的日常日变化和(或)在BRD病例发作之前进行适当模型训练的时间有限所致。未来的研究应该研究利用身体活动和进食行为特征对多因素算法进行SPC分析,以提高临床前BRD检测的准确性。包括所有4种体育活动特征或仅卧床行为的多变量模型具有中等敏感性(44%至57%),但特异性低(<37%),并且图表信号在视觉诊断前2天发生。这项研究中报道的SPC模型的诊断测试准确性相对较低,可能是由于动物体内体育活动性状的日常日变化和(或)在BRD病例发作之前进行适当模型训练的时间有限所致。未来的研究应该研究利用身体活动和进食行为特征对多因素算法进行SPC分析,以提高临床前BRD检测的准确性。包括所有4种体育活动特征或仅卧床行为的多变量模型具有中等敏感性(44%至57%),但特异性低(<37%),并且图表信号在视觉诊断前2天发生。这项研究中报道的SPC模型的诊断测试准确性相对较低,可能是由于动物体内体育活动性状的日常日变化和(或)在BRD病例发作之前进行适当模型训练的时间有限所致。未来的研究应该研究利用身体活动和进食行为特征对多因素算法进行SPC分析,以提高临床前BRD检测的准确性。这项研究中报道的SPC模型的诊断测试准确性相对较低,可能是由于动物体内体育活动性状的日常日变化和(或)在BRD病例发作之前进行适当模型训练的时间有限所致。未来的研究应该研究利用身体活动和进食行为特征对多因素算法进行SPC分析,以提高临床前BRD检测的准确性。这项研究中报道的SPC模型的诊断测试准确性相对较低,可能是由于动物体内体育活动性状的日常日变化和(或)在BRD病例发作之前进行适当模型训练的时间有限所致。未来的研究应该研究利用身体活动和进食行为特征对多因素算法进行SPC分析,以提高临床前BRD检测的准确性。

更新日期:2021-04-08
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