The Tilocálar volcanic complex comprises four monogenetic volcanoes located at the southeastern edge of the Salar de Atacama Basin, northern Chile. These monogenetic volcanic centers are the Tilocálar Norte lava, the El Maní dome, the Tilocálar Sur small–lava shield, and the Tilocálar Sur maar, respectively, and were formed between 460 ± 50 ka to < 1 Ma ago along the north–south-striking Tilomonte ridge that underlies the Tucúcaro Ignimbrite (3.2 ± 0.3 Ma). Their formation is the result of an intermediate magma rising to the surface during a local transtensional regime, which is observed at El Maní, under a dominantly compressional tectonic setting. The Tilocálar monogenetic centers provide a rare opportunity to examine the variability from individual and small–volume magma batches to the development of a monogenetic volcanic field. These volcanoes and the control on their eruption styles were studied by geological mapping and stratigraphic considerations, morphometric analysis, textural studies (density and vesicularity), petrographic observations, and geochemical analyzes. The Tilocálar Norte lavas have an intermediate composition (mostly andesite, 62.02 wt.% SiO₂) that reach a maximum distance of 3.9 km to the north and 1.2 km to the southwest from their vent, with a dense–rock equivalent (DRE) volume of 8.73×10⁷ m³. The El Maní lava dome is small (covering 750 m² area and consisting of 1.06×10³ m³ DRE volume) that presents mingled mafic (63.89 wt.% SiO₂) and felsic (73.73 wt.% SiO₂) products of the original magma source, related to shallow crustal melts. The Tilocálar Sur small lava–shield is characterized by a pyroclastic fall deposit and lavas. The pyroclastic fall deposit is characterized by agglutinated andesite scoria–spatter fall units, covering 2.81 km² and consisting of 7.75×10⁵ m³ DRE volume. In contrast, the lavas are characterized by an andesitic composition (57.64 wt.% SiO₂), which is 1.8 km in length to the northwest and 1.4 km to the east of their source. These lavas cover an area of 3.78 km² with 9.15×10⁷ m³ DRE volume. Tilocálar Sur maar crater has an elliptical shape in map view (363 m diameter east–west and 288 m diameter north–south), surrounded by individual conglomerates, sandstones, granitoids, and tuff fragments that lie on the present–day surface around the crater rim. The Tilocálar volcanic complex is interpreted as a small monogenetic volcanic field that shows an eruption history defined by a spectrum of eruptive processes determined by internal and external parameters at any given time from the four independent volcanic centers.

Tilocálar火山群由四个单基因火山组成，分别位于智利北部Salar de Atacama盆地的东南边缘。这些单相火山中心分别是TilocálarNorte熔岩，ElManí穹顶，TilocálarSur小熔岩护盾和TilocálarSur maar，它们形成于460±50 ka至<1 Ma之前，沿北-南-南。撞到Tucúcaro火成因岩下的Tilomonte山脊（3.2±0.3 Ma）。它们的形成是在局部高压构造过程中，中间岩浆上升到地表的结果，这在以压缩构造为主的ElManí观测到。蒂洛瓜拉尔单岩成因中心提供了难得的机会来检验从单个和小批量岩浆批次到单基因火山场发展的变化性。通过地质制图和地层学考虑，形态分析，质地研究（密度和囊泡性），岩石学观测和地球化学分析研究了这些火山及其喷发方式的控制。TilocálarNorte熔岩具有中间成分（主要为安山岩，62.02 wt。％SiO₂）从其喷口到北部的最大距离为3.9 km，向西南的最大距离为1.2 km，其密岩当量（DRE）体积为8.73×10 ⁷ m ³。ElManí熔岩穹顶很小（占地750 m ²，由1.06×10 ³ m ³ DRE体积组成），呈现出混合的镁铁质（63.89 wt。％SiO ₂）和长英质（73.73 wt。％SiO ₂）的产物。原始岩浆源，与浅地壳融化有关。TilocálarSur小型熔岩护层的特征是火山碎屑沉积物和熔岩。火山碎屑性秋季沉积物的特征是胶结的安山岩鳞屑-飞溅物下降单元，覆盖2.81 km ²且由7.75×10 ⁵ m ³ DRE体积组成。与此相反，熔岩特征在于安山岩组合物（57.64重量％的SiO ₂），它的长度为1.8公里西北和1.4 km到它们的源的东部。这些熔岩覆盖面积为3.78 km ²，面积为9.15×10 ⁷ m ^3。DRE音量。TilocálarSur maar火山口在地图视图中呈椭圆形（东西向直径363 m，南北向直径288 m），周围环绕着单个的砾岩，砂岩，花岗岩和凝灰岩碎片，这些碎片位于火山口周围的当今表面上轮缘。蒂洛瓜拉尔火山群被解释为一个小型的单基因火山场，显示了由四个独立火山中心在任何给定时间由内部和外部参数确定的一系列喷发过程所定义的喷发历史。