Research into bitumen-lined ‘torpedo jars’, widely distributed throughout the Gulf and the Indian Ocean between the third and ninth centuries CE, has developed considerably in recent years, shedding new light on maritime trade connections during the Sasanian and early Islamic periods. Based on pottery finds from Failaka (Kuwait) and Thaj (Saudi Arabia), recently studied by the author, this article draws attention to an earlier type of bitumen-lined jar characterised by an ovoid profile and a greenish fabric, including vegetal temper. These ovoid jars, presumably of Mesopotamian origin, are commonly found on ‘Classical’/pre-Sasanian sites located along the Gulf’s shores, and their specific fabric has also been identified recently in Oman and southern India. They provide evidence for the existence of extensive Mesopotamian trade, probably in wine, with the Gulf region and more broadly with the Indian Ocean during the late Seleucid and Characenian periods.

中文翻译：

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从“卵形罐”到“鱼雷罐”：古代海湾和印度洋（公元前 2 世纪至公元 3 世纪）内衬沥青的运输容器的调查

对在公元 3 世纪到 9 世纪之间广泛分布在整个海湾和印度洋的沥青衬里“鱼雷罐”的研究近年来取得了长足的发展，为萨珊王朝和早期伊斯兰时期的海上贸易联系提供了新的线索。基于作者最近研究的来自法拉卡（科威特）和塔伊（沙特阿拉伯）的陶器发现，这篇文章提请注意早期类型的沥青衬里罐，其特征是卵形轮廓和绿色织物，包括植物脾气。这些可能起源于美索不达米亚的卵形罐子常见于位于海湾沿岸的“古典”/前萨珊时代遗址，最近在阿曼和印度南部也发现了它们的特定结构。它们提供了存在广泛的美索不达米亚贸易的证据，可能是在葡萄酒中，