Despite coverage enhancement in rural areas is one of the main requirements in next generations of wireless networks (i.e., 5G and 6G), the low expected profit prevents telecommunication providers from investing in such sparsely populated areas. Hence, it is required to design and deploy cost efficient alternatives for extending the cellular infrastructure to these regions. A concrete mathematical model that characterizes and clearly captures the aforementioned problem might be a key-enabler for studying the efficiency of any potential solution. Unfortunately, the commonly used mathematical tools that model large scale wireless networks are not designed to capture the unfairness, in terms of cellular coverage, suffered by exurban and rural areas. In big cities, in fact, cellular deployment is essentially capacity driven and thus cellular base station densities are maximum in the town centers and decline when getting far from them. In this paper, a new stochastic geometry-based model is implemented in order to show the coverage spatial variation among urban, suburban, and exurban settlements. Indeed, by implementing inhomogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs) it is possible to study the performance metrics in a realistic scenario where terrestrial base stations (TBSs) are clustered around the urban center while outer aerial base stations (ABSs) are uniformly distributed outside an urban exclusion zone. Based on this, our simulation results can quantify the improvement, in terms of coverage probability, that even a surprisingly low density of ABSs can bring to peripheral regions depending on the extension of the exclusion zone, enabling us to draw insightful considerations.

中文翻译：

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无人机辅助蜂窝网络的覆盖范围分析

尽管提高农村地区的覆盖范围是下一代无线网络（即5G和6G）的主要要求之一，但较低的预期利润仍使电信提供商无法在人口稀少的地区进行投资。因此，需要设计和部署具有成本效益的替代方案，以将蜂窝基础设施扩展到这些区域。表征并清楚地捕捉到上述问题的具体数学模型可能是研究任何潜在解决方案效率的关键因素。不幸的是，建模大型无线网络的常用数学工具并非旨在捕获郊区和农村地区在蜂窝覆盖方面的不公平性。实际上，在大城市，蜂窝部署实质上是由容量驱动的，因此，蜂窝基站的密度在城镇中心最大，并且在远离城镇中心时密度会下降。在本文中，为了显示城市，郊区和郊区居住区之间的覆盖空间变化，实施了一种新的基于随机几何的模型。实际上，通过实施非均质的泊松点过程（PPP），可以在现实情况下研究性能指标，在这种情况下，地面基站（TBS）聚集在城市中心周围，而外部空中基站（ABS）均匀地分布在城市外部禁区。基于此，我们的仿真结果可以根据覆盖率，