ABSTRACT: Seabirds are declining on a global scale, and this trend is concerning as they play an important role in the marine ecosystem. The decline is due to multiple reasons, but harvest fisheries are a major contributor. The impact of fisheries, however, appears to vary; demersal trawlers cause mortality of many birds in some areas and very few in others. Fishery-dependent monitoring is required to understand this impact on seabirds, and particularly to better understand the variable impact of demersal trawling. We employed a targeted observer program to gather data on seabird assemblages, catastrophic interactions with trawl vessels and predictors of vessel attendance by the seabirds. The latter is a useful proxy for catastrophic interactions and provides information on potential mitigation. Throughout the program period, 1040942 seabirds from ~21 species attended New South Wales (NSW) ocean demersal trawlers. These species included 7 species of petrel and albatross listed by the IUCN, including the flesh footed shearwater Ardenna carneipes and wandering albatross Diomedea exulans. Two catastrophic interactions were recorded, and intrinsic and extrinsic predictors of vessel attendance (e.g. offal discharge and wind, respectively) were characterised. The results of the study will provide information to managers, with the goal of ensuring the sustainability of NSW ocean trawling—in particular its coexistence with threatened seabirds. The NSW Ocean Trawl fishery appears to directly harm very few seabirds which is not always the case when considering worldwide trawl fisheries. Predictors of attendance such as space, time and offal discharge can potentially be used to mitigate the attractiveness of trawlers to seabirds.

中文翻译：

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表征与深海拖网捕捞相关的海鸟船只相互作用：鸟类对船只的出勤取决于内在和外在的预测因素

摘要：海鸟在全球范围内正在减少，这一趋势令人担忧，因为它们在海洋生态系统中发挥着重要作用。下降的原因是多方面的，但捕捞渔业是主要的贡献者。但是，渔业的影响似乎各不相同。水下拖网渔船在某些地区造成许多鸟类的死亡，而在其他地区则很少。需要进行依赖于渔业的监测，以了解对海鸟的这种影响，尤其是更好地了解海底拖网捕捞的各种影响。我们采用了有针对性的观察员计划，以收集有关海鸟组合，与拖网船的灾难性相互作用以及海鸟出勤的预报器的数据。后者是灾难性相互作用的有用代理，并提供有关潜在缓解的信息。在整个计划期间，来自约21种物种的1040942只海鸟参加了新南威尔士（NSW）远洋海底拖网渔船。这些物种包括世界自然保护联盟列出的7种海燕和信天翁，包括肉足切水Ardenna carneipes和流浪信天翁Diomedea exulans。记录了两次灾难性的相互作用，并表征了船舶出勤的内在和外在预测因素（例如，分别为内脏排风和风）。研究结果将为管理人员提供信息，其目的是确保新南威尔士州海洋拖网捕捞的可持续性，尤其是与受威胁的海鸟共存。新南威尔士州海洋拖网渔业似乎直接伤害到极少数海鸟，而考虑全球拖网渔业时却并非总是如此。出勤率的预测指标（例如空间，时间和脏杂物排放量）可能会用来减轻拖网渔船对海鸟的吸引力。