Trophic interactions are central in understanding ecosystem processes and the management of natural ecosystems but are frequently complex to estimate. To address this issue, body size has been shown to be a useful trait to reconstruct species interactions, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. An allometric niche model (aNM) considering body size as a niche trait is proposed to predict trophic interactions in temperate freshwater ecosystems. The aNM calibration was based on 26 ubiquitous freshwater species with known minimal and maximum prey body sizes that permitted the establishment of prey body size ranges for vertebrate and invertebrate consumers. The aNM inferences were validated for 13 empirical freshwater food webs, and the model was applied to an extensive inventory of 474 species (spanning six orders of body size magnitude) from the largest natural French lake (Lake Bourget). This application permitted to strengthen the aNM validation with predator‐prey mass ratio comparisons, predicted diet analyses, and allowed the exploration of the lake food web structure. The aNM provided appreciable intrinsic validity (specificity = 87 ± 12%, sensitivity = 59 ± 29%, accuracy = 81 ± 10%), and departures among inferred and empirical trophic interactions were explained by foraging specificities or limited sampling of stomach contents. In Lake Bourget, 26,037 trophic links were inferred. Predator–prey mass ratios for vertebrates and invertebrates were consistent with those empirically established and were occasionally higher for invertebrates as the aNM considers small prey (e.g., bacteria) as possible resources for invertebrates. The inferred diets for three species selected for their well‐known foraging ecology also revealed plausible outcomes of the aNM. The nested structure of the lake food web was determined by highlighting different topologies among the benthic and the pelagic food sub‐webs and the role of top predator fish in the coupling of both food sub‐webs. Due to the large number of species inventories available worldwide for freshwater ecosystems anchored in the ecological monitoring, the aNM may represent a valuable tool for both ecologists and managers to address complementary facets of applied biodiversity studies (e.g., reconstruct highly resolved food webs, predict pressures on important species or new interactions with invasive species).

中文翻译：

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温带淡水生态系统中物种相互作用的异位生态位模型

营养相互作用是理解生态系统过程和自然生态系统管理的核心，但估计起来往往很复杂。为了解决这个问题，身体大小已被证明是重建物种相互作用的有用特征，尤其是在水生生态系统中。提出了一种将体型作为生态位特征的异位生态位模型（aNM），以预测温带淡水生态系统中的营养相互作用。aNM校准基于已知的最小和最大猎物体大小的26个普遍存在的淡水物种，从而可以为脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的消费者建立猎物体大小范围。aNM推论针对13个经验淡水食物网进行了验证，并将该模型应用于来自法国最大的天然湖泊（布尔热湖）的474种物种（跨越六个数量级的体形大小）的大量清单。该应用程序允许通过捕食者与猎物质量比的比较来加强aNM验证，预测饮食分析，并允许探索湖泊食物网结构。aNM提供了可观的内在有效性（特异性= 87±12％，灵敏度= 59±29％，准确性= 81±10％），通过觅食特异性或有限的胃内容物来解释推断的和经验性营养相互作用之间的差异。在布尔热湖，推断出26,037条营养联系。脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的食肉动物-猎物质量比与经验确定的一致，无脊椎动物的食肉动物-猎物质量比有时更高，因为aNM认为小的猎物（例如细菌）是无脊椎动物的可能资源。根据其著名的觅食生态学推论的三个物种的推测饮食也显示了aNM的合理结果。湖泊食物网的嵌套结构是通过强调底栖和中上层食物子网之间的不同拓扑结构以及顶级捕食性鱼类在两个食物子网的耦合中的作用来确定的。由于全世界有大量的淡水生态系统物种清单基于生态监测，