Objective

This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between adherence to dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression.

Methods

A total of 3457 patients with T2DM were included. Dietary information was obtained using 24-h recall, and adherence to dietary guidelines was estimated using the Korean Diabetes Association-Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare index. Depression was evaluated using a questionnaire. Participants who had responded “yes” to any of the three questions related to diagnosis, current condition, and treatment were defined as depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between adherence to dietary guidelines and depression.

Results

T2DM patients with a lower score on adherence to dietary guidelines were more likely to report depression than those with a higher score (Odds ratios (OR): 0.51, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.30–0.87). Patients with poor adherence to moderate calorie consumption (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.07–2.52) and regular meal patterns (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.15–2.50) were more likely to report depression. However, patients with poor adherence to low sodium intake were less likely to report depression (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.88), and no association was observed between moderate carbohydrate consumption, sufficient vegetable/seaweed consumption, and moderate alcohol consumption and depression.

Conclusion

Good adherence to dietary guidelines was closely associated with a lower prevalence of depression among individuals with type 2 diabetes, but the specific guidelines were inconsistent. Systematic and continuous nutrition education for individuals with T2DM is necessary to improve their mental health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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韩国 2 型糖尿病患者饮食指南依从性与抑郁的关系

客观的

本研究旨在检查遵守 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 饮食指南与抑郁症之间的横断面关联。

方法

共纳入 3457 名 T2DM 患者。使用 24 小时回忆获取饮食信息，使用韩国糖尿病协会 - 韩国卫生和福利部指数评估对饮食指南的遵守情况。使用问卷评估抑郁症。对与诊断、当前状况和治疗相关的三个问题中的任何一个回答“是”的参与者被定义为抑郁症。多变量逻辑回归分析用于检查遵守饮食指南与抑郁之间的关联。

结果

饮食指南依从性得分较低的 T2DM 患者比得分较高的患者更有可能报告抑郁症（优势比 (OR)：0.51，95% 置信区间 (CI)：0.30–0.87）。对中等热量摄入（OR：1.65，95% CI：1.07-2.52）和规律饮食（OR：1.69，95% CI：1.15-2.50）依从性差的患者更有可能报告抑郁症。然而，对低钠摄入依从性差的患者报告抑郁的可能性较小（OR：0.60，95% CI：0.40-0.88），并且在适度碳水化合物摄入、充足的蔬菜/海藻摄入和适度饮酒之间没有观察到相关性和抑郁症。

结论

良好地遵守饮食指南与 2 型糖尿病患者的抑郁症患病率较低密切相关，但具体指南并不一致。对 T2DM 患者进行系统和持续的营养教育对于改善他们的心理健康结果是必要的。