Background: Nuts have been incorporated into guidelines for healthy eating since they contain considerable amounts of antioxidants and their effects are related to health benefits since they contribute to the prevention of nutritional deficiencies. The micronutrient characterization is based mainly on the determination of phenolics, which is the most abundant class of bioactive compounds in nuts. Terpenes constitute another class of bioactive compounds that are present in nuts and show high volatility. The analysis of phenolic compounds and terpenes is a very demanding task that requires optimization of the chromatographic conditions to improve the separation of the components. Moreover, nuts are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and they are therefore considered as cardioprotective. Gas chromatography is the predominant instrumental analytical technique for the determination of derivatized fatty acids and terpenes in food matrices, while high performance liquid chromatography is currently the most popular technique for the determination of phenolic compounds.

Objective: This review summarizes all the recent advances in the optimization of the chromatographic conditions for the determination of phenolic compounds, fatty acids and terpenes in nuts.

Conclusion: The state-of-the art in the technology available is critically discussed, exploring new analytical approaches to reduce the time of analysis and improve the performance of the chromatographic systems in terms of precision, reproducibility, limits of detection and quantification and overall quality of the results.

背景：坚果已经被纳入健康饮食指南，因为它们含有大量的抗氧化剂，并且它们的作用与健康益处有关，因为它们有助于预防营养不足。微量营养素的表征主要基于酚类物质的测定，酚类物质是坚果中含量最高的一类生物活性化合物。萜烯构成另一类生物活性化合物，存在于坚果中并显示出高挥发性。酚类化合物和萜烯的分析是一项非常艰巨的任务，需要优化色谱条件以改善组分的分离。此外，坚果富含不饱和脂肪酸，因此被认为具有心脏保护作用。

目的：本综述总结了色谱条件优化中用于测定坚果中酚类化合物，脂肪酸和萜烯的最新进展。

结论：对现有技术的最新发展进行了严格讨论，探索了新的分析方法，以减少分析时间并提高色谱系统的精度，重现性，检测和定量限以及整体质量结果。