With inherent orthogonality, both the spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons have been utilized to expand the dimensions of quantum information, optical communications, and information processing, wherein simultaneous detection of SAMs and OAMs with a single element and a single-shot measurement is highly anticipated. Here, a single azimuthal-quadratic phase metasurface-based photonic momentum transformation (PMT) is illustrated and utilized for vortex recognition. Since different vortices are converted into focusing patterns with distinct azimuthal coordinates on a transverse plane through PMT, OAMs within a large mode space can be determined through a single-shot measurement. Moreover, spin-controlled dual-functional PMTs are proposed for simultaneous SAM and OAM sorting, which is implemented by a single spin-decoupled metasurface that merges both the geometric phase and dynamic phase. Interestingly, our proposed method can detect vectorial vortices with both phase and polarization singularities, as well as superimposed vortices with a certain interval step. Experimental results obtained at several wavelengths in the visible band exhibit good agreement with the numerical modeling. With the merits of ultracompact device size, simple optical configuration, and prominent vortex recognition ability, our approach may underpin the development of integrated and high-dimensional optical and quantum systems.

凭借固有的正交性，光子的自旋角动量 (SAM) 和轨道角动量 (OAM) 已被用于扩展量子信息、光通信和信息处理的维度，其中使用单个元素同时检测 SAM 和 OAM并且高度期待单次测量。在这里，展示了一个基于方位角-二次相超表面的光子动量变换 (PMT) 并将其用于涡旋识别。由于不同的涡流通过 PMT 被转换成横截面上具有不同方位角坐标的聚焦模式，因此可以通过单次测量来确定大模式空间内的 OAM。此外，自旋控制的双功能 PMT 被提出用于同时 SAM 和 OAM 分类，它由单个自旋解耦的超表面实现，该超表面融合了几何相位和动态相位。有趣的是，我们提出的方法可以检测具有相位和偏振奇异性的矢量涡旋，以及具有一定间隔步长的叠加涡旋。在可见光波段的几个波长下获得的实验结果与数值模型非常吻合。凭借超紧凑的器件尺寸、简单的光学配置和突出的涡旋识别能力等优点，我们的方法可能会支持集成和高维光学和量子系统的发展。以及具有一定间隔步长的叠加涡流。在可见光波段的几个波长下获得的实验结果与数值模型非常吻合。凭借超紧凑的器件尺寸、简单的光学配置和突出的涡旋识别能力等优点，我们的方法可能会支持集成和高维光学和量子系统的发展。以及具有一定间隔步长的叠加涡流。在可见光波段的几个波长下获得的实验结果与数值模型非常吻合。凭借超紧凑的器件尺寸、简单的光学配置和突出的涡旋识别能力等优点，我们的方法可能会支持集成和高维光学和量子系统的发展。