ABSTRACT

Background: Periodontitis (PT) is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease that can have heterogeneous clinical presentations. The oral microbiome and its metabolites have been implicated as the causes and regulators of PT pathogenesis. In this study, we assessed the oral microbiome and its metabolome in PT patients to clarify the interactions between the microbiome and its metabolites.Methods: A total of 112 subjects were recruited. Buccal and supragingival samples were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva samples were collected for metabolomic analyses. Microbiome and metabolome data were analyzed and further integrated for combined analysis using various bioinformatics approaches.Results: Oral metabolomic analysis identified 28 metabolites distinguishing the healthy (H) and PT groups. PT group were further clustered into two subgroups (PT_G1 and PT_G2) depending on metabolite profiles. Oral microbiome analysis revealed discriminatory bacterial species in the H, PT_G1, and PT_G2 microbiota. Interestingly, PT_G2 had significantly higher concentration of short chain fatty acids and higher abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and metabolome showed close association.Conclusion: Our results provide evidence of a close interplay between the oral microbiome and metabolome. Multi-omics approach including microbiome and microbe-associated metabolites may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment prediction in periodontal disease.

摘要

背景：牙周炎（PT）是一种多因素的慢性炎症性疾病，可能具有不同的临床表现。口腔微生物组及其代谢产物与PT发病机制有关。在这项研究中，我们评估了PT患者的口腔微生物组及其代谢组，以阐明微生物组及其代谢产物之间的相互作用。方法：共招募112名受试者。收集颊和龈上样品用于微生物组分析。收集唾液样品进行代谢组学分析。使用各种生物信息学方法对微生物组和代谢组数据进行了分析，并进一步进行了整合分析。结果：口服代谢组学分析确定了区分健康（H）组和PT组的28种代谢物。PT组根据代谢物谱进一步分为两个亚组（PT_G1和PT_G2）。口腔微生物组分析揭示了H，PT_G1和PT_G2微生物群中的歧视性细菌物种。有趣的是，PT_G2具有明显更高的短链脂肪酸浓度和更高的致病菌含量。微生物组和代谢组的综合分析显示密切的关联。结论：我们的结果提供了口腔微生物组和代谢组之间密切相互作用的证据。包括微生物组和微生物相关代谢物在内的多组学方法可作为诊断性生物标志物，并增强牙周疾病的治疗预测。