The demand for cleaner fuels has been on the rise lately, prompting researchers to explore alternative cleaner technologies to meet the growing demand. This has led to the introduction of renewable fuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel. Depending on the feedstock employed for production, renewable fuels can be divided into first, second, and third generation. Reliance on first generation biofuel feedstocks has led to inherent competition between foods versus fuels in the society in the last decade. Further technological prospects in research and development have provided insight into the use of second generation biofuel feed‐stocks from non‐edible agricultural waste products, energy crops, and crop residues. Zeolites and modified zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts have been highly prospective for the transesterification process of these oils. Modified zeolite can act as a bi‐functional catalyst because of its acidic and basic sites. Here, a review of transesterification reaction technology, zeolite and modified zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst to generate biodiesel was discussed. Current status, challenges and future prospects are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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第二代石油在生物柴油生产中的非均相催化作用

最近，对清洁燃料的需求一直在增长，促使研究人员探索替代性清洁技术来满足不断增长的需求。这导致引入了可再生燃料，例如生物乙醇和生物柴油。根据生产中使用的原料，可再生燃料可以分为第一代，第二代和第三代。在过去的十年中，对第一代生物燃料原料的依赖导致了食品与燃料之间固有的竞争。研发方面的进一步技术前景为使用非食用农业废品，能源作物和农作物残渣生产第二代生物燃料原料提供了见识。沸石和改性沸石作为非均相催化剂对于这些油的酯交换反应具有很高的前景。改性的沸石由于其酸性和碱性位点可以充当双功能催化剂。在此，对酯交换反应技术，沸石和改性沸石作为生成生物柴油的非均相催化剂的综述进行了讨论。还讨论了现状，挑战和未来前景。