Background:

The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various non-pharmacological interventions on comorbid emotional symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation (ED) in children and adults with ADHD.

Method:

Forty-four randomized controlled trials (23 studies with ADHD children and 21 studies with ADHD adults) were included. Risk of bias, heterogeneity assessment, and subgroup analyses were conducted.

Results:

We found that therapies targeting the relationship between children and others (i.e., parent-training [on ED and depression] and social skills training [on ED]) were efficacious in the treatment of emotional symptoms in children with ADHD at post-intervention. As for adults with ADHD, cognitive behavioral therapy was found to be effective for the improvement of emotional symptoms at both post-intervention and follow-up.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate that the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions varies substantially across children and adults with ADHD. These results provide important implications for the selection of non-pharmacological interventions for children with ADHD.

中文翻译：

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非药物治疗对注意力缺陷/多动障碍儿童和成人情绪症状的疗效：荟萃分析

背景：

本荟萃分析旨在评估各种非药物干预对患有 ADHD 的儿童和成人共病情绪症状（如抑郁、焦虑和情绪失调 (ED)）的疗效。

方法：

纳入了 44 项随机对照试验（23 项针对 ADHD 儿童的研究和 21 项针对 ADHD 成人的研究）。进行了偏倚风险、异质性评估和亚组分析。

结果：

我们发现，针对儿童与他人之间关系的疗法（即父母培训 [关于 ED 和抑郁症] 和社交技能培训 [关于 ED]）在治疗多动症儿童干预后的情绪症状方面是有效的。对于患有多动症的成年人，认知行为疗法被发现在干预后和随访中都能有效改善情绪症状。

结论：

我们的研究结果表明，非药物干预的疗效在患有 ADHD 的儿童和成人中存在很大差异。这些结果为多动症儿童非药物干预的选择提供了重要的启示。