Subsidies for agriculture in the European Union have been a matter of debate for a long time. However, even after many years of debate, it remains unclear whether the subsidies have a positive or negative effect on farm efficiency. We propose a robust two-stage framework to study the subsidies-effect to farm technical efficiency while controlling farm heterogeneity. First, technical efficiency scores are computed using a modern robust data envelopment analysis model. Then, a quantile regression model is applied to explain the relationship between technical efficiency and the total subsidies and other commonly used explanatory variables. In the empirical part, we analyze a sample of Czech farms during the period from 2010 to 2015. It is revealed that the subsidies-effect is negative and varies based on the technical efficiency of the farm. Higher efficient farms face a less distorting effect than lower efficient farms.

长期以来，欧盟对农业的补贴一直是一个争论不休的问题。然而，即使经过多年的争论，补贴对农业效率是正面还是负面影响仍不清楚。我们提出了一个稳健的两阶段框架来研究补贴对农场技术效率的影响，同时控制农场的异质性。首先，使用现代稳健的数据包络分析模型计算技术效率得分。然后，应用分位数回归模型解释技术效率与补贴总额以及其他常用解释变量之间的关系。在实证部分，我们分析了 2010 年至 2015 年期间捷克农场的样本。发现补贴效应是负的，并根据农场的技术效率而变化。