In this study, a novel antibacterial hemp fibre grafted with quaternary ammonium groups (HF–GTA), were prepared by alkalization, oxidation, amination and quaternization multistage reactions. The chemical structure and micromorphology of the fibre were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The grafting and reaction mechanism proved to be successful, which indicated that the grafting reaction primarily occurred on the hydroxyl group of cellulose and hemicellulose in the hemp fibre, where it retained good fibrous morphology, thermal stability and hygroscopicity. HF–GTA exhibited the best antibacterial activity, where the antibacterial ratios against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 95.41% and 99.64%, respectively. Even after washing 30 times, the antibacterial activity was retained at 89.78% and 91.12%, indicating that HF–GTA was endowed with good washing resistance. The antibacterial activity was owing to the electrostatic reaction reducing the electrochemical potential on the cell membrane, leading to the release of cytoplasmic substances and the dissolution of cells. This study is significantly important for guaranteeing textile quality and preventing disease transmission.

在这项研究中，通过碱化，氧化，胺化和季铵化多阶段反应制备了一种新型的季铵盐基接枝的抗菌大麻纤维（HF-GTA）。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱，扫描电子显微镜，X射线光电子能谱，热重分析和X射线衍射对纤维的化学结构和微观形貌进行了表征。接枝和反应机理证明是成功的，这表明接枝反应主要发生在大麻纤维中纤维素和半纤维素的羟基上，并保持了良好的纤维形态，热稳定性和吸湿性。HF–GTA表现出最佳的抗菌活性，其中对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别为95.41％和99.64％。即使洗涤30次，其抗菌活性仍保持在89.78％和91.12％，这表明HF-GTA具有良好的耐洗涤性。抗菌活性是由于静电反应降低了细胞膜上的电化学势，导致细胞质物质的释放和细胞的溶解。这项研究对于保证纺织品质量和预防疾病传播具有重要意义。