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Refining the methods for identifying draught cattle in the archaeological record: Lessons from the semi-feral herd at Chillingham Park
International Journal of Paleopathology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.02.003
Richard Thomas 1 , Lauren Bellis 1 , Rebecca Gordon 2 , Matilda Holmes 1 , Niels N Johannsen 3 , Meghann Mahoney 4 , David Smith 5
Affiliation  

Objective

This study--> provides a baseline of pathological and sub-pathological changes in the lower-limb bones of a semi-feral herd of domestic cattle. The purpose is to refine an existing method for identifying the use of cattle for traction using zooarchaeological evidence.

Methods

A published recording system for identifying draught cattle was applied to a sample of 15 individuals from Chillingham Park, Northumberland. Correlations were explored between individual pathological index values, the scores obtained for individual pathological/sub-pathological changes, and three biological variables: age, sex and body size.

Results

Pathological index values in the Chillingham cattle were low. Positive correlations between individual pathological index values and age, sex and body size were identified. Broadening of the distal metacarpal, proximal and distal exostoses in the metatarsal, distal exostoses of the proximal phalanx, and proximal lipping and exostoses of the distal phalanx, were strongly correlated with age.

Conclusions

Pathological index scores demonstrate that adaptive remodeling of the autopodia is low in a free-ranging population of cattle, supporting the view that more pronounced changes provide useful identifiers of traction use. Application of modified pathological index formulae to nine archaeological sites from England indicated that cattle were only intensively used for traction in the Roman and later medieval periods.

Significance

This study refines the methods used to identify traction in the archaeological record through the consideration of cows and a wider range of ages than has been considered previously.

Limitations

Only 15 individuals from the Chillingham herd were available for analysis.

Suggestions for further research

The refined formulae should be applied to additional archaeological datasets from different regions and time periods to explore the changing exploitation of cattle for traction.



中文翻译:

改进考古记录中识别役牛的方法:来自奇灵厄姆公园半野牛群的教训

客观的

这项研究 --> 提供了半野生家牛下肢骨骼病理和亚病理变化的基线。目的是改进现有的方法,用于使用动物考古证据来确定使用牛进行牵引。

方法

已公布的用于识别役牛的记录系统被应用于来自诺森伯兰郡奇灵厄姆公园的 15 个人样本。探讨了个体病理指标值、个体病理/亚病理变化的得分以及三个生物学变量:年龄、性别和体型之间的相关性。

结果

Chillingham 牛的病理指数值很低。确定了个体病理指标值与年龄、性别和体型之间的正相关。掌骨远端增宽、跖骨近端和远端外生骨、近节指骨远端外生骨和远端指骨近端唇部和外生骨变宽与年龄密切相关。

结论

病理指数分数表明,自由放养的牛群中自足的适应性重塑较低,支持更明显的变化提供牵引使用的有用标识符的观点。将修改后的病理指数公式应用于英格兰的九个考古遗址表明,牛只在罗马和中世纪后期才被广泛用于牵引。

意义

本研究通过考虑奶牛和比以前考虑的更广泛的年龄范围来改进用于在考古记录中识别牵引力的方法。

限制

只有来自奇林厄姆牛群的 15 只个体可供分析。

进一步研究的建议

改进后的公式应应用于来自不同地区和时间段的其他考古数据集,以探索对牛的不断变化的牵引开发。

更新日期:2021-03-24
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