Despite widespread evidence that biological invasion influences both the biotic and abiotic soil environments, the extent to which these two pathways underpin the effects of invasion on plant traits and performance remains unknown. Leveraging a long-term (14-year) field experiment, we show that an allelochemical-producing invader affects plants through biotic mechanisms, altering the soil fungal community composition, with no apparent shifts in soil nutrient availability. Changes in belowground fungal communities resulted in high costs of nutrient uptake for native perennials and a shift in plant traits linked to their water and nutrient use efficiencies. Some plants in the invaded community compensate for the disruption of nutritional symbionts and reduced nutrient provisioning by sanctioning more nitrogen to photosynthesis and expending more water, which demonstrates a trade-off in trait investment. For the first time, we show that the disruption of belowground nutritional symbionts can drive plants towards alternative regions of their trait space in order to maintain water and nutrient economics.

中文翻译：

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入侵引起的根真菌破坏改变了植物的水分和氮素经济性

尽管有广泛的证据表明生物入侵会影响生物和非生物土壤环境，但这两种途径在多大程度上支持了入侵对植物性状和性能的影响仍然未知。利用长期（14年）的田间试验，我们显示出产生化感化学物质的入侵者通过生物机制影响植物，改变了土壤真菌的群落组成，而土壤养分的可利用性没有明显变化。地下真菌群落的变化导致本地多年生植物吸收养分的成本很高，并且植物性状的变化与其水和养分的利用效率有关。入侵社区中的一些植物通过将更多的氮分配给光合作用并消耗更多的水来补偿营养共生体的破坏和营养供应的减少，这表明在性状投资上需要进行权衡。首次，我们证明了地下营养共生体的破坏可以驱使植物向性状空间的其他区域移动，以维持水和营养的经济性。