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Neuroanatomy and behavior in mice with a haploinsufficiency of AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B) throughout development
Molecular Autism ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 , DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00432-y
J Ellegood 1 , S P Petkova 2, 3 , A Kinman 1 , L R Qiu 4 , A Adhikari 2 , A A Wade 3 , D Fernandes 1, 5 , Z Lindenmaier 1, 5 , A Creighton 6 , L M J Nutter 6 , A S Nord 2, 3, 7 , J L Silverman 2 , J P Lerch 1, 4
Affiliation  

One of the causal mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is chromatin modification and the genes that regulate chromatin. AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B), a chromatin modifier, has been linked to autism spectrum disorder and to affect rare and inherited genetic variation in a broad set of NDDs. A novel preclinical mouse model of Arid1b deficiency was created and validated to characterize and define neuroanatomical, behavioral and transcriptional phenotypes. Neuroanatomy was assessed ex vivo in adult animals and in vivo longitudinally from birth to adulthood. Behavioral testing was also performed throughout development and tested all aspects of motor, learning, sociability, repetitive behaviors, seizure susceptibility, and general milestones delays. We validated decreased Arid1b mRNA and protein in Arid1b+/− mice, with signatures of increased axonal and synaptic gene expression, decreased transcriptional regulator and RNA processing expression in adult Arid1b+/− cerebellum. During neonatal development, Arid1b+/− mice exhibited robust impairments in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and metrics of developmental growth. In addition, a striking sex effect was observed neuroanatomically throughout development. Behaviorally, as adults, Arid1b+/− mice showed low motor skills in open field exploration and normal three-chambered approach. Arid1b+/− mice had learning and memory deficits in novel object recognition but not in visual discrimination and reversal touchscreen tasks. Social interactions in the male–female social dyad with USVs revealed social deficits on some but not all parameters. No repetitive behaviors were observed. Brains of adult Arid1b+/− mice had a smaller cerebellum and a larger hippocampus and corpus callosum. The corpus callosum increase seen here contrasts previous reports which highlight losses in corpus callosum volume in mice and humans. The behavior and neuroimaging analyses were done on separate cohorts of mice, which did not allow a direct correlation between the imaging and behavioral findings, and the transcriptomic analysis was exploratory, with no validation of altered expression beyond Arid1b. This study represents a full validation and investigation of a novel model of Arid1b+/− haploinsufficiency throughout development and highlights the importance of examining both sexes throughout development in NDDs.

中文翻译:

在整个发育过程中具有富含 AT 交互域 1B (ARID1B) 单倍体不足的小鼠的神经解剖学和行为

神经发育障碍 (NDD) 的潜在致病机制之一是染色质修饰和调节染色质的基因。富含 AT 的交互域 1B (ARID1B) 是一种染色质修饰剂,与自闭症谱系障碍有关,并影响广泛的 NDD 中的罕见和遗传遗传变异。创建并验证了一种新的 Arid1b 缺陷的临床前小鼠模型,以表征和定义神经解剖学、行为学和转录表型。神经解剖学在成年动物体内进行了离体评估,并在体内从出生到成年进行了纵向评估。行为测试也在整个开发过程中进行,并测试了运动、学习、社交能力、重复行为、癫痫发作易感性和一般里程碑延迟的所有方面。我们验证了 Arid1b+/− 小鼠中 Arid1b mRNA 和蛋白质的减少,具有轴突和突触基因表达增加、成人 Arid1b+/- 小脑中转录调节因子和 RNA 加工表达减少的特征。在新生儿发育过程中,Arid1b+/− 小鼠在超声发声 (USV) 和发育生长指标方面表现出强烈的损伤。此外,在整个发育过程中,神经解剖学观察到显着的性别效应。在行为上,成年后,Arid1b+/− 小鼠在开阔地探索和正常的三腔方法中表现出低运动技能。Arid1b+/− 小鼠在新物体识别方面有学习和记忆缺陷,但在视觉辨别和逆转触摸屏任务方面没有。与 USV 的男女社会二元组的社会互动揭示了一些但不是所有参数的社会缺陷。没有观察到重复行为。成年 Arid1b+/− 小鼠的大脑具有较小的小脑和较大的海马体和胼胝体。此处看到的胼胝体增加与之前的报告形成对比,之前的报道强调小鼠和人类的胼胝体体积减少。行为和神经影像学分析是在不同的小鼠队列上进行的,这不允许成像和行为发现之间存在直接关联,并且转录组学分析是探索性的,没有验证 Arid1b 以外的表达改变。这项研究代表了对整个发育过程中 Arid1b+/− 单倍体不足的新模型的全面验证和调查,并强调了在 NDDs 的整个发育过程中检查两性的重要性。此处看到的胼胝体增加与之前的报告形成对比,之前的报道强调小鼠和人类的胼胝体体积减少。行为和神经影像学分析是在不同的小鼠队列上进行的,这不允许成像和行为发现之间存在直接关联,并且转录组学分析是探索性的,没有验证 Arid1b 以外的表达改变。这项研究代表了对整个发育过程中 Arid1b+/− 单倍体不足的新模型的全面验证和调查,并强调了在 NDDs 的整个发育过程中检查两性的重要性。此处看到的胼胝体增加与之前的报告形成对比,之前的报道强调小鼠和人类的胼胝体体积减少。行为和神经影像学分析是在不同的小鼠队列上进行的,这不允许成像和行为发现之间存在直接关联,并且转录组学分析是探索性的,没有验证 Arid1b 以外的表达改变。这项研究代表了对整个发育过程中 Arid1b+/− 单倍体不足的新模型的全面验证和调查,并强调了在 NDDs 的整个发育过程中检查两性的重要性。转录组学分析是探索性的,没有验证 Arid1b 以外的表达改变。这项研究代表了对整个发育过程中 Arid1b+/− 单倍体不足的新模型的全面验证和调查,并强调了在 NDDs 的整个发育过程中检查两性的重要性。转录组学分析是探索性的,没有验证 Arid1b 以外的表达改变。这项研究代表了对整个发育过程中 Arid1b+/− 单倍体不足的新模型的全面验证和调查,并强调了在 NDDs 的整个发育过程中检查两性的重要性。
更新日期:2021-03-23
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