Located at the northern tip of the Altiplano, the Abancay Deflection marks abruptly the latitudinal segmentation of the Central Andes spreading over the Altiplano to the south and the Eastern Cordillera northward. The striking morphological contrast between the low‐relief Altiplano and the high‐relief Eastern Cordillera makes this area a well‐suited place to determine spatiotemporal variations in surface and/or rock uplift and discuss the latest phase of the formation of the Central Andes. Here, we aim to quantify exhumation and uplift patterns in the Abancay Deflection since 40 Ma and present new apatite (U–Th)/He and fission track data from four altitudinal profiles and additional individual samples. Age–elevation relationships and thermal modeling both document that the Abancay Deflection experienced a moderate, spatially uniform, and steady exhumation at 0.2 ± 0.1 km/Myr between 40 and ∼5 Ma implying common large‐scale exhumation mechanism(s). From ∼5 Ma, while the northern part of the Eastern Cordillera and the Altiplano registered similar ongoing slow exhumation, the southern part of the Eastern Cordillera experienced one order‐of‐magnitude of exhumation acceleration (1.2 ± 0.4 km/Myr). This differential exhumation since ∼5 Ma implies active tectonics, river capture, and incision affecting the southern Eastern Cordillera. 3D thermokinematic modeling favors a tectonic decoupling between the Altiplano and the Eastern Cordillera through backthrusting activity of the Apurimac fault. We speculate that the Abancay Deflection, with its “bulls‐eye” structure and significant exhumation rate since 5 Ma, may represent an Andean protosyntaxis, similar to the syntaxes described in the Himalaya or Alaska.

中文翻译：

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东部安第斯山脉中部东部山脉的差异采掘：向南反推的证据（秘鲁阿班凯偏转）

阿班凯偏转（Abancay Deflection）位于高原高原的北端，突然标志着安第斯山脉中部的纬度分割，该山脉遍及整个高原南部和北部的东部山脉。低起伏的高原和高起的东部山脉之间形成鲜明的形态对比，使该地区成为确定地表和/或岩石隆起的时空变化并讨论安第斯中部形成最新阶段的合适场所。在这里，我们旨在量化自40 Ma以来阿班凯偏转的发掘和隆升模式，并提供来自四个高度剖面和其他单个样本的新磷灰石（U–Th）/ He和裂变径迹数据。年龄与海拔的关系和热模型都证明阿班凯挠度经历了中等程度的，空间上均匀的，在40至5 Ma之间以0.2±0.1 km / Myr的稳定发掘，这意味着常见的大规模发掘机制。从大约5 Ma开始，东部山脉的北部和高原观测到相似的持续缓慢尸体挖掘，东部山脉的南部经历了一个数量级的尸体加速（1.2±0.4 km / Myr）。自大约5 Ma以来的这种不同的发掘方式意味着活跃的构造，河流捕获和切口影响了南部东部山脉。3D热运动学模型通过阿普里马克断层的反推活动有利于高原与东部山脉之间的构造解耦。我们推测，“ Abancay偏转”具有“牛眼”结构，自5 Ma以来具有很高的掘尸率，这可能代表了安第斯原形虫，