The nuclear compartment is delimited by a specialized expanded sheet of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) known as the nuclear envelope (NE). Compared to the outer nuclear membrane and the contiguous peripheral ER, the inner nuclear membrane (INM) houses a unique set of transmembrane proteins that serve a staggering range of functions. Many of these functions reflect the exceptional position of INM proteins at the membrane–chromatin interface. Recent research revealed that numerous INM proteins perform crucial roles in chromatin organization, regulation of gene expression, genome stability, and mediation of signaling pathways into the nucleus. Other INM proteins establish mechanical links between chromatin and the cytoskeleton, help NE remodeling, or contribute to the surveillance of NE integrity and homeostasis. As INM proteins continue to gain prominence, we review these advancements and give an overview on the functional versatility of the INM proteome.

中文翻译：

---

内核膜蛋白的多种细胞功能

核区室由称为核膜 (NE) 的内质网 (ER) 的专门扩张片界定。与外核膜和邻近的外周内质网相比，内核膜 (INM) 包含一组独特的跨膜蛋白，它们具有一系列惊人的功能。其中许多功能反映了 INM 蛋白在膜-染色质界面上的特殊位置。最近的研究表明，许多 INM 蛋白在染色质组织、基因表达调节、基因组稳定性和进入细胞核的信号通路介导中发挥着至关重要的作用。其他 INM 蛋白在染色质和细胞骨架之间建立机械联系，帮助 NE 重塑，或有助于监测 NE 完整性和稳态。随着 INM 蛋白不断获得关注，我们回顾了这些进展并概述了 INM 蛋白质组的功能多样性。