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Interactions between drought and shade on the productivity of winter pea grown in a 25-year-old walnut-based alley cropping system
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 , DOI: 10.1111/jac.12488
Guillaume Blanchet 1, 2 , Karim Barkaoui 2, 3 , Mattia Bradley 1, 2 , Christian Dupraz 1, 2 , Marie Gosme 1, 2
Affiliation  

In the face of climate change, more frequent drought events are expected in the Mediterranean regions. Alley cropping is an agroforestry practice that represents a promising adaptation strategy to sustain yield productivity under drier conditions. However, the presence of trees limits the productivity of the intercrop by reducing light availability and by competing for soil water resources, which could potentially exacerbate the yield losses due to drought conditions. Furthermore, the effects of co-occurring drought and shade stresses on annual crops are still poorly understood. To tackle this issue, we performed a rainfall manipulation experiment on winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown in full-sun conditions (agricultural control) and under different levels of shade in a 25-year walnut-based alley cropping system located in southern France. We evaluated first the effect of trees on light and water availability, and we then studied the effects of early drought (135 mm excluded from April to the end of May) and light conditions on crop performances and yield components. At 3.5 m from the tree line, light availability was reduced on average by 19% at south and 35% at north of trees over the entire crop cycle and mostly after tree budburst. The impact of trees on soil water content in the crop root zone was weak thanks to the good complementarity of the respective root systems. Under normal rainfall conditions, tree shade decreased pea yield from −25% to −77% compared to full-sun conditions. In case of spring drought, pea yield was decreased by −22% in full-sun conditions. The negative effect of tree shade was reduced and decreased pea yield only by −1% to −47%. Under the most intense shade conditions, pea yield was even higher under drought than in normal rainfall conditions. The analysis of crop dynamics and yield components revealed that the vegetative development of pea ceased under drought to the benefit of biomass allocation towards the reproductive organs. Pea yield was less impacted by tree shade under spring drought because yield elaboration relied less on the success of pod set, sensitive to shade and, more on grain filling, improved in case of early drought event. This study supports the hypothesis that agroforestry systems may be more resilient in the case of early drought.

中文翻译:

干旱和遮荫对 25 年核桃胡同种植系统中种植的冬豌豆生产力的相互作用

面对气候变化,预计地中海地区会发生更频繁的干旱事件。胡同种植是一种农林业实践,代表了一种有前途的适应策略,可在干燥条件下维持产量生产力。然而,树木的存在通过减少光照和争夺土壤水资源来限制间作的生产力,这可能会加剧干旱条件造成的产量损失。此外,对一年生作物同时发生的干旱和遮荫胁迫的影响仍然知之甚少。为了解决这个问题,我们对冬豌豆(Pisum sativumL.) 在位于法国南部的 25 年核桃种植系统中生长在全日照条件(农业控制)和不同程度的遮荫下。我们首先评估了树木对光照和水资源可用性的影响,然后我们研究了早期干旱(4 月至 5 月底不包括 135 毫米)和光照条件对作物表现和产量构成的影响。在距林线 3.5 m 处,在整个作物周期中,大部分在树木发芽后,南部的光照利用率平均减少 19%,树木北部的光照利用率平均减少 35%。由于各根系具有良好的互补性,树木对作物根区土壤含水量的影响较弱。在正常降雨条件下,与全日照条件相比,树荫将豌豆产量从 -25% 降至 -77%。万一春旱,在全日照条件下,豌豆产量下降了 -22%。树荫的负面影响减少了,豌豆产量仅降低了 -1% 至 -47%。在最强烈的遮荫条件下,干旱条件下的豌豆产量甚至高于正常降雨条件下的产量。对作物动态和产量成分的分析表明,豌豆的营养发育在干旱下停止,有利于生物量向生殖器官的分配。在春季干旱下,豌豆产量受树荫影响较小,因为产量详细说明较少依赖结荚成功,对遮荫敏感,并且更多地依赖于灌浆,在早期干旱事件的情况下得到改善。这项研究支持农林业系统在早期干旱情况下可能更具弹性的假设。树荫的负面影响减少了,豌豆产量仅降低了 -1% 至 -47%。在最强烈的遮荫条件下,干旱条件下的豌豆产量甚至高于正常降雨条件下的产量。对作物动态和产量成分的分析表明,豌豆的营养发育在干旱下停止,有利于生物量向生殖器官的分配。在春季干旱下,豌豆产量受树荫影响较小,因为产量详细说明较少依赖结荚成功,对遮荫敏感,并且更多地依赖于灌浆,在早期干旱事件的情况下得到改善。这项研究支持农林业系统在早期干旱情况下可能更具弹性的假设。树荫的负面影响减少了,豌豆产量仅降低了 -1% 至 -47%。在最强烈的遮荫条件下,干旱条件下的豌豆产量甚至高于正常降雨条件下的产量。对作物动态和产量成分的分析表明,豌豆的营养发育在干旱下停止,有利于生物量向生殖器官的分配。在春季干旱下,豌豆产量受树荫影响较小,因为产量详细说明较少依赖结荚成功,对遮荫敏感,并且更多地依赖于灌浆,在早期干旱事件的情况下得到改善。这项研究支持农林业系统在早期干旱情况下可能更具弹性的假设。干旱条件下的豌豆产量甚至高于正常降雨条件下的产量。对作物动态和产量成分的分析表明,豌豆的营养发育在干旱下停止,有利于生物量向生殖器官的分配。在春季干旱下,豌豆产量受树荫影响较小,因为产量详细说明较少依赖结荚成功,对遮荫敏感,并且更多地依赖于灌浆,在早期干旱事件的情况下得到改善。这项研究支持农林业系统在早期干旱情况下可能更具弹性的假设。干旱条件下的豌豆产量甚至高于正常降雨条件下的产量。对作物动态和产量成分的分析表明,豌豆的营养发育在干旱下停止,有利于生物量向生殖器官的分配。在春季干旱下,豌豆产量受树荫影响较小,因为产量详细说明较少依赖结荚成功,对遮荫敏感,并且更多地依赖于灌浆,在早期干旱事件的情况下得到改善。这项研究支持农林业系统在早期干旱情况下可能更具弹性的假设。在春季干旱下,豌豆产量受树荫影响较小,因为产量详细说明较少依赖结荚成功,对遮荫敏感,并且更多地依赖于灌浆,在早期干旱事件的情况下得到改善。这项研究支持农林业系统在早期干旱情况下可能更具弹性的假设。在春季干旱下,豌豆产量受树荫影响较小,因为产量详细说明较少依赖结荚成功,对遮荫敏感,并且更多地依赖于灌浆,在早期干旱事件的情况下得到改善。这项研究支持农林业系统在早期干旱情况下可能更具弹性的假设。
更新日期:2021-03-23
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