We report on a time-frequency analysis of electroencephalographic activity as native speakers (NSs) and non-native speakers (NNSs) resolve anaphoric reference at the recursive edge of embedded clauses in multi-clausal filler-gap dependencies. The fillers in these wh-dependencies involve lexically selected noun complements (Comp): quelle décision à propos de lui/à son sujet ‘which decision about him’ or unselected NP-modifiers (Mod): quelle décision le concernant ‘which decision regarding him’; they also involve the lexical encoding of antecedent gender (lui/elle ‘3p.sing.masc/fem’) or not (son ‘3p.sing.gen’) in a pronoun. We propose that NNSs adapt to processing a non-native language by directing more resources toward computing lexically encoded properties than toward inferences that go beyond lexical information. At the recursive clause edge, a population-wide asymmetry between conditions arose at 15–16Hz in induced power: Lexical selection and gender specification led to diminished power for Comp son vs. Mod le/la and for specified lui/elle vs. unspecified son in Comps. This was also found at 17–22Hz in induced power in NSs whereas asymmetries were reversed in NNSs, with computations of lexically encoded properties demanding greater power. At 41–44Hz in induced power, group differences emerged: More power was directed at gender-specified le/la and lui/elle in NNSs, but at unspecified son in NSs. These asymmetries suggest that non-native processing seems characterized by resources directed toward lexically encoded properties in computations.

我们报告了脑电图活动的时频分析，因为母语者（NSs）和非母语者（NNSs）在多子句填充符依赖项中嵌入子句的递归边缘解析了回指。这些依赖关系中的填充词涉及词汇选择的名词补语（Comp）：quelledécisionàpropos de lui / àson sujet “关于他的哪个决定”或未选择的NP修饰语（Mod）：quelle décisionle关注他'; 它们还涉及先行性别（lui / elle'3p.sing.masc / fem'）或不包含（儿子'3p.sing.gen'）代词。我们建议NNS通过将更多的资源用于计算词汇编码的属性而不是针对超出词汇信息之外的推断的资源，来适应处理非本地语言。词汇的选择，并导致减少的功率比较性别规范：在递归条款边缘，条件之间的群体范围不对称诱导产生的功率在15-16Hz的儿子与国防部LE / LA和指定雷/ ELLE VS 。未指明的儿子在Comps中。NSs的感应功率也以17-22Hz的频率被发现，而NNSs的非对称性则被逆转，而词汇编码属性的计算则需要更大的功率。在41-44Hz的感应功率下，出现了群体差异：更多的功率直接针对NNS中按性别指定的le / la和lui / elle，而针对NS中的未指定儿子。这些不对称性表明，非本地处理的特征似乎是针对计算中的词汇编码属性的资源。