Uncoordinated adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) imposes further load on the distribution network, and therefore may result in disruptive impacts on the grid. Transactive coordination of PEVs has been introduced as an effective approach to mitigate these negative consequences. This paper furthers efforts enabling PEVs to participate in a real-time retail electricity market under a transactive energy (TE) paradigm. In this regard, PEV owners will estimate their willingness to pay/accept using a user-friendly strategy and submit the estimated values to the retail market operator. Then using a network-constrained market clearing mechanism, the clearing prices, i.e., dual variables of active power balance constraints, will be calculated. Finally, these calculated clearing prices will be sent to whole PEVs and their actions have been determined. The proposed model is applied to the modified IEEE 33-bus test system combined with several low voltage feeders, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model from viewpoints of PEV owners and utility.

中文翻译：

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网络约束的插电式电动汽车参与实时零售电力市场的主动协调

插电式电动汽车（PEV）的不协调采用会给配电网络带来更多负担，因此可能对电网造成破坏性影响。引入PEV的主动协调是减轻这些负面影响的有效方法。本文将进一步努力，使电动汽车在无功能源（TE）范式下参与实时零售电力市场。在这方面，私募股权汽车的所有者将使用一种用户友好的策略来估计其支付/接受的意愿，并将估计值提交给零售市场运营商。然后，使用网络约束的市场清算机制，将计算清算价格，即有功功率平衡约束的双重变量。最后，这些计算出的清算价格将发送给整个私募汽车，并确定其行动。将该模型应用于结合了若干低压馈线的改进型IEEE 33总线测试系统，并从PEV所有者和公用事业的角度证明了该模型的有效性。