This work highlights the influence of the electrochemical doping on TiO ₂ nanotubes (T-NTs) based electrochemical sensor. Two working electrodes, namely plain T-NTs and WO ₃ doped T-NTs (T-NTs -WO ₃ ), both embedded with Ni(OH) ₂ nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) were chemically synthesized, thoroughly characterized and their performances were compared for sensing glucose. The Ni-NPs embedded T-NTs - WO ₃ device outperformed the Ni-NPs embedded with undoped T-NTs by having low detection limit of 30 μM and excellent selectivity (with respect to ascorbic acid and uric acid) towards sensing glucose. The superior performance was ascribed to the synergetic effect of the defect induced states of WO ₃ dopant with active Ni(OH) ₂ electro catalyst, which enhances the electron transfer rate, thereby increasing the conductivity, leading to 6 times higher sensitivity and 4.5 times lower limit of detection, indicating the efficacious role of dopants to realize enhanced T-NTs based electrochemical sensors. The doped sensor demonstrated a very good sensitivity of 70 μA mM ⁻¹ cm ⁻² showing higher electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation. Overall, the strategy presented here, opens avenues for the development of highly efficient T-NTs based electrochemical sensors.

中文翻译：

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掺杂对基于TiO ₂纳米管的电化学传感器的影响：以葡萄糖传感为例

这项工作强调了电化学掺杂对基于TiO ₂纳米管（T-NTs）的电化学传感器的影响。化学合成了两个工作电极，即 均嵌入Ni（OH）₂纳米粒子（Ni-NPs）的普通T-NTs和掺杂WO _3的T-NTs（T-NTs -WO ₃）， 对其进行了彻底表征并比较了它们的性能用于感测葡萄糖。Ni-NPs嵌入的T-NTs-WO ₃器件具有30μM的低检测限和对葡萄糖的选择性（相对于抗坏血酸和尿酸），其性能优于未掺杂T-NTs的Ni-NPs。优异的性能归因于WO ₃的缺陷诱导态的协同作用。 掺有活性Ni（OH）₂电催化剂的掺杂剂 ，可提高电子传输速率，从而提高电导率，从而导致灵敏度提高6倍，检测下限降低4.5倍，表明掺杂剂在实现基于增强T-NTs的有效作用电化学传感器。掺杂的传感器表现出非常好的70μAmM ^-1 cm ^-2的灵敏度， 显示出对葡萄糖氧化的更高的电催化活性。总体而言，此处介绍的策略为开发基于高效T-NT的电化学传感器开辟了道路。