The understanding that motherhood impacts career paths is so pervasive among early-career scientists that some feel they must choose parenthood or a career. The penalties associated with motherhood can contribute to the “leaky pipeline,” which equates to the high attrition rate of women due to social, economical, or temporal factors as they proceed through their career and exacerbates persistent gender gaps at mid- and late-career stages. Here, we review the literature and summarize common challenges faced by ornithologist mothers and nonbinary parents, and we adopt a full lifecycle approach to recommend evidence-based strategies for overcoming those challenges. The American Ornithological Society (AOS) is well positioned to support and celebrate women and nonbinary ornithologists who choose parenthood, and we highlight progress made by the AOS to improve gender diversity, equity, and inclusion within the Society. For example, AOS caregiver grants allow more parents to attend and participate in conferences. We suggest additional initiatives (e.g., elevating role models, hosting mentoring networks, and disseminating best practices) that could further support women who want to become or already are parents while also achieving rewarding careers in ornithology. AOS leadership can take steps to close the gender gap in ornithology and other Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields. With a larger, more diverse, and talented community, the Society will be better equipped to achieve its mission: conserving and understanding bird life on earth, enriching ornithology as a profession, and mentoring young professionals.

中文翻译：

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兼顾父母身份和鸟类学：通过美国鸟类学会支持母亲的完整生命周期方法

母亲身份影响职业道路的理解在早期职业科学家中如此普遍，以至于有些人认为他们必须选择为人父母或职业。与母亲身份相关的惩罚可能导致“管道泄漏”，这相当于女性在职业生涯中由于社会、经济或时间因素而导致的高流失率，并加剧了职业生涯中期和后期持续存在的性别差距阶段。在这里，我们回顾文献并总结鸟类学家母亲和非二元父母面临的共同挑战，并采用全生命周期方法来推荐基于证据的策略来克服这些挑战。美国鸟类学会 (AOS) 有能力支持和庆祝选择为人父母的女性和非二元鸟类学家，我们强调 AOS 在改善社会性别多样性、公平性和包容性方面取得的进展。例如，AOS 看护者补助金允许更多的父母参加和参加会议。我们建议采取其他举措（例如，提升榜样、主持指导网络和传播最佳实践），这些举措可以进一步支持想要或已经为人父母的女性，同时在鸟类学领域实现有价值的职业。AOS 领导层可以采取措施缩小鸟类学和其他科学、技术、工程和数学领域的性别差距。有了一个更大、更多元化、更有才华的社区，该协会将更有能力实现其使命：保护和了解地球上的鸟类生命，丰富鸟类学这一专业，并指导年轻的专业人​​士。