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Technique and technology of Scythian bronze arrowhead casting: Experimental and metallographic approach
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports Pub Date : 2021-03-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102919
Marina N. Daragan , Yurij N. Romanenko

The most ubiquitous category of Scythian material culture – the bronze arrowheads – is paradoxically the least studied to date. First and foremost, this concerns one question: how were they cast? No definitive conclusions regarding the technology of arrowhead casting have been reached. Some sources suggest the use of a metal mould for this purpose, while others propose the use of lost-wax casting technique. Our understanding of the casting technology is fundamental since it affected the organisation of the manufacturing process of this important category of material and, as a consequence, the supply of Scythian warriors with necessary weapons. In order to solve this problem, several experiments were carried out casting the arrowheads in a metal mould, using metal moulds to obtain wax models, and lost-wax casting. Comparative metallographic analyses were carried out on the original Scythian arrowheads and their experimental analogues, cast in different ways. The results of the experiments indicate that lost-wax technique was the most likely method used for the casting of Scythian arrowheads. These data were confirmed by the results of metallographic analyses: the difference in the cooling rate of the crystallisation of arrowheads obtained by different casting methods affected the parameters of the crystal structure of their alloy.



中文翻译:

Scythian青铜箭头铸造技术:实验和金相方法

Scythian物质文化中最普遍的类别-青铜箭头-矛盾的是迄今为止研究最少的。首先,这涉及一个问题:它们是如何铸造的?关于箭头铸造技术尚未得出明确的结论。一些来源建议为此目的使用金属模具,而另一些来源建议使用失蜡铸造技术。我们对铸造技术的理解至关重要,因为它影响了这一重要材料类别的制造过程的组织,并因此影响了Scythian战士的必需武器供应。为了解决这个问题,进行了几次实验,使用金属模具获得金属模型中的箭头,并获得蜡模,然后进行失蜡铸造。比较的金相分析是对最初的Scythian箭头及其实验类似物进行的,铸造方式不同。实验结果表明,失蜡技术是最有可能用于铸造Scythian箭头的方法。这些数据由金相分析结果证实:通过不同铸造方法获得的箭头结晶冷却速率的差异会影响其合金的晶体结构参数。

更新日期:2021-03-22
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