Triggered by budgetary challenges and growing awareness of social needs, recent years have seen increasing entrepreneurial behaviour in the nonprofit sector, of which collaboration with for-profit organizations is a case in point. Yet, while extant research has extensively studied the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of for-profit organizations, scant attention has been paid to its manifestations in the cross-sector collaboration context and from the nonprofit perspective, even though numerous nonprofit organizations’ idiosyncrasies point to the need for a reconceptualization of the EO dimensions in that domain. Thus, taking the nonprofit perspective, our research aims to explore the dynamics and nature of EO in the context of nonprofit–business collaboration (NBC), examining how the EO core dimensions manifest themselves when nonprofit organizations (NPOs) proactively engage in NBC. We unpack the meaning of EO through two complementary empirical studies. Our work nuances the rather overlooked entrepreneurial posture of so-called ‘active-in-collaboration’ NPOs, exposes new meanings of collaborative EO dimensions (relational proactiveness, relational innovativeness and relational risk management), discusses their underpinning mechanisms and suggests promising areas for further research and implications for practice.

中文翻译：

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跨界合作背景下的非营利创业导向

受预算挑战和社会需求意识不断增强的影响，近年来非营利部门的创业行为越来越多，其中与营利性组织的合作就是一个很好的例子。然而，虽然现有的研究已经广泛研究了营利性组织的创业导向 (EO)，但很少关注其在跨部门合作背景下和从非营利角度的表现，尽管许多非营利组织的特质指向需要对该领域的 EO 维度进行重新概念化。因此，从非营利的角度来看，我们的研究旨在探索 EO 在非营利 - 企业合作 (NBC) 的背景下的动态和性质，研究非营利组织 (NPO) 主动参与 NBC 时 EO 核心维度如何体现。我们通过两个互补的实证研究来解释 EO 的含义。我们的工作细化了所谓的“积极合作”NPO 的创业姿态，揭示了合作 EO 维度（关系主动性、关系创新和关系风险管理）的新含义，讨论了它们的基础机制，并提出了有前景的进一步发展领域研究和对实践的影响。