Does energy securitization promote or hinder regional cooperation over energy resources? This paper argues that policymakers frame energy issues as existential threats to facilitate both outcomes, depending on how they perceive the reliability of their country's energy supply. When countries are confident in their supply, they begin to seek regional cooperation opportunities that they had previously rejected. Rather than abandon existential rhetoric that served to prevent cooperation when supply was vulnerable, policymakers adopt opposing constructs of security and direct them toward different audiences to gain their support. When addressing the international community, policymakers employ neoliberal concepts of security as a mutually beneficial result of trade and cooperation. When addressing domestic audiences, policymakers employ realist paradigms of security as competition toward self-preservation and dominance. Israel serves as a case study to test this argument. This paper examines how major natural gas discoveries in 2009 shifted longstanding Israeli isolationism and encouraged it to seek deeper economic ties with its neighbors. To promote its new policy, the Israeli government argued before its domestic audience that gas exports are essential for creating leverage against the EU and preventing terrorism on its borders, while simultaneously arguing toward foreign audiences that the exports serve to promote regional unity.

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确保能源合作：以色列在东地中海的区域转移

能源证券化是促进还是阻碍能源资源的区域合作？本文认为，政策制定者将能源问题视为生存威胁，以促进这两种结果，这取决于他们如何看待本国能源供应的可靠性。当各国对其供应充满信心时，它们就会开始寻求以前拒绝的区域合作机会。政策制定者并没有放弃在供应脆弱时阻止合作的存在主义言论，而是采用相反的安全结构，并将它们引导到不同的受众以获得他们的支持。在向国际社会发表讲话时，政策制定者采用新自由主义的安全概念作为贸易与合作的互利结果。在面对国内观众时，政策制定者采用现实主义的安全范式作为对自我保护和支配地位的竞争。以色列作为一个案例研究来检验这一论点。本文探讨了 2009 年的重大天然气发现如何改变了以色列长期以来的孤立主义，并鼓励它与邻国寻求更深层次的经济联系。为推广其新政策，以色列政府在其国内听众面前辩称，天然气出口对于创造对欧盟的影响力和防止其边境的恐怖主义至关重要，同时向外国听众辩称，出口有助于促进地区团结。本文探讨了 2009 年的重大天然气发现如何改变了以色列长期以来的孤立主义，并鼓励它与邻国寻求更深层次的经济联系。为推广其新政策，以色列政府在其国内听众面前辩称，天然气出口对于创造对欧盟的影响力和防止其边境的恐怖主义至关重要，同时向外国听众辩称，出口有助于促进地区团结。本文探讨了 2009 年的重大天然气发现如何改变了以色列长期以来的孤立主义，并鼓励它与邻国寻求更深层次的经济联系。为推广其新政策，以色列政府在其国内听众面前辩称，天然气出口对于创造对欧盟的影响力和防止其边境的恐怖主义至关重要，同时向外国听众辩称，出口有助于促进地区团结。