This paper contributes to residential water demand literature by providing price and income elasticity estimates for a country which has undergone deep structural, institutional and economic changes. We analyze short-run and long-run residential water demand using household-level data for the Czech Republic for the period of 1993–2016, during which the price of water nearly tripled, consumption decreased by a third, and families became considerably richer. Our estimates of price and income elasticity indicate low responsiveness of households to changes of these factors. Income elasticity is about +0.16 and it is robust across models. The short-run price elasticity is about −0.22, on the low end of estimates derived for other developed economies. Long-run price elasticity is around −0.30. While households were more price responsive during the period of economic transformation, they became completely unresponsive during the later economic boom.

中文翻译：

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捷克共和国三十年来居民用水需求的价格和收入弹性估算

本文通过为一个经历了深刻结构、制度和经济变化的国家提供价格和收入弹性估计，为住宅用水需求文献做出贡献。我们使用捷克共和国 1993 年至 2016 年期间的家庭级数据分析了短期和长期居民用水需求，在此期间，水价几乎翻了三倍，消费量下降了三分之一，家庭变得更加富裕。我们对价格和收入弹性的估计表明家庭对这些因素变化的反应较低。收入弹性约为 +0.16，并且在所有模型中都很稳健。短期价格弹性约为 -0.22，处于其他发达经济体估计值的低端。长期价格弹性约为 -0.30。