Graphic visual health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packaging are used in more than 120 countries globally. Because there are concerns about the effectiveness of using the same visual warnings over many years due to wearout, a primary issue is how to identify the most effective visual stimuli. Adolescent smokers and nonsmokers provided more than 2000 ratings of different visual warnings. Cluster analysis and follow-up analyses are used to identify a high-performing visual stimuli group from the larger group of GHWs. Subsequent analyses also show that compared to other pictorial stimuli, the high-performing group is perceived as effective in preventing adolescent smoking initiation and adolescent smokers' motivation to quit. These findings addressing the selection and evaluation of high-performing visual warnings have implications for global health and public policy communities through identification of pictorial warnings that can be most effective in impacting smoking-related outcomes for adolescents.

中文翻译：

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识别和选择有效的图形健康警告，以防止烟草包装和广告中的感知磨损

卷烟包装上的图形视觉健康警告 (GHW) 已在全球 120 多个国家/地区使用。由于由于磨损，人们担心多年来使用相同的视觉警告的有效性，因此主要问题是如何识别最有效的视觉刺激。青少年吸烟者和非吸烟者提供了 2000 多个不同视觉警告的评级。聚类分析和后续分析用于从较大的 GHW 组中识别出高性能的视觉刺激组。随后的分析还表明，与其他图片刺激相比，高绩效组被认为在预防青少年开始吸烟和青少年吸烟者戒烟方面有效。