Composition of fatty acids (FAs) in soybean seed is important for the quality and uses of soybean oil. Using gas chromatography, we have measured soybean FAs profiles of 621 soybean accessions (maturity groups I through IV) grown in five different environments; Columbus, OH (2015), Wooster, OH (2014 and 2015), Plymouth, NC (2015), and Urbana, IL (2015). Using publicly available SoySNP50K genotypic data and the FA profiles from this study, a genome-wide association analysis was completed with a compressed mixed linear model to identify 43 genomic regions significantly associated with a fatty acid at a genome wide significance threshold of 5%. Among these regions, one and three novel genomic regions associated with palmitic acid and stearic acid, respectively, were identified across all five environments. Additionally, nine novel environment-specific FA-related genomic regions were discovered providing new insights into the genetics of soybean FAs. Previously reported FA-related loci, such as FATB1a, SACPD-C, and KASIII, were also confirmed in this study. Our results will be useful for future functional studies and marker-assisted breeding for soybean FAs.

大豆种子中脂肪酸（FA）的组成对于大豆油的质量和用途很重要。使用气相色谱法，我们测量了在五种不同环境中生长的 621 个大豆品种（成熟组 I 至 IV）的大豆 FA 谱；俄亥俄州哥伦布 (2015)、俄亥俄州伍斯特 (2014 和 2015)、北卡罗来纳州普利茅斯 (2015) 和伊利诺伊州厄巴纳 (2015)。使用公开的 SoySNP50K 基因型数据和本研究的 FA 图谱，通过压缩混合线性模型完成了全基因组关联分析，以识别与脂肪酸显着相关的 43 个基因组区域，全基因组显着性阈值为 5%。在这些区域中，在所有五种环境中分别鉴定了 1 个和 3 个与棕榈酸和硬脂酸相关的新基因组区域。此外，还发现了九个新的环境特异性 FA 相关基因组区域，为大豆 FA 的遗传学提供了新的见解。此前报道的 FA 相关位点，如FATB1a、SACPD-C和KASIII，也在本研究中得到证实。我们的结果将有助于大豆 FA 的未来功能研究和标记辅助育种。