1. Characterizing how ecosystems are responding to rapid environmental change has become a major focus of ecological research. The empirical study of ecological stability, which aims to quantify these ecosystem responses, is therefore more relevant than ever.
2. Based on a historical review and bibliometric mapping of the field of ecological stability, we show that the two main schools relating to the study of stability—one focusing on systems close to their equilibrium and the other on non‐equilibrium behaviour—have developed in parallel leading to divergence in both concepts and definitions.
3. We synthesize and expand previous frameworks and capitalize on the latest developments in the field to build towards an integrated framework by elaborating the overarching concept of ecological stability and its properties. Finally, the broad applicability of our work is demonstrated in two empirical cases.
4. Synthesis. With rapidly changing environmental conditions, the stability of ecosystems has become a major focus of ecological research. Still, the concept of stability remains a major source of confusion and disagreement among ecologists. The conceptual framework presented here provides a basis to integrate currently diverging views on the study of ecological stability.

中文翻译：

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统一生态学中的稳定性和复原力的概念

1. 表征生态系统如何响应快速的环境变化已成为生态研究的主要重点。因此，旨在量化这些生态系统响应的生态稳定性的经验研究比以往任何时候都更加重要。
2. 基于对生态稳定性领域的历史回顾和文献计量制图，我们发现，与稳定性研究有关的两个主要流派已经并行发展，一个流派关注的是接近其平衡的系统，另一个关注非平衡行为。导致概念和定义上的分歧。
3. 我们综合并扩展了先前的框架，并利用该领域的最新发展，通过阐述生态稳定性及其特性的总体概念，朝着综合框架的方向发展。最后，在两个经验案例中证明了我们工作的广泛适用性。
4. 综合。随着环境条件的迅速变化，生态系统的稳定性已成为生态学研究的重点。尽管如此，稳定性的概念仍然是生态学家之间混淆和分歧的主要根源。本文介绍的概念框架为整合当前对生态稳定性研究的不同观点提供了基础。