Maternal childhood abuse and neglect predicts offspring development in early childhood: The roles of reflective functioning and child sex,Child Abuse & Neglect

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Maternal childhood abuse and neglect predicts offspring development in early childhood: The roles of reflective functioning and child sex
Child Abuse & Neglect ( IF 4.863 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105030
Julia Garon-Bissonnette ₁ , Gabrielle Duguay ₂ , Roxanne Lemieux ₃ , Karine Dubois-Comtois ₂ , Nicolas Berthelot ₃

Affiliation

Background

Recent evidence suggests that offspring of mothers having been exposed to childhood abuse and neglect (CA&N) are at increased risk of developmental problems and that boys are more affected by maternal CA&N than girls. Since impairments in reflective functioning (RF) have been associated with maternal CA&N and offspring development, RF could represent a key mechanism in these intergenerational risk trajectories.

Objective

This study evaluated mediating (RF) and moderating (child sex) mechanisms in the association between maternal CA&N and child development.

Participants and setting

In a longitudinal setting, 111 mothers completed measures during pregnancy and between 11 and 36 months postpartum.

Methods

CA&N and impairments in RF were assessed during pregnancy and offspring development was measured during the longitudinal follow-up using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3). Child development was operationalized in two ways: using the global score at the ASQ-3 and using a dichotomous score of accumulation of delays across domains of development.

Results

Structural equation modeling indicated that RF mediated the association between maternal CA&N and offspring development. Child sex moderated the association between CA&N and the clustering of developmental problems (Wald = 5.88, p = 0.02), with boys being particularly likely to accumulate developmental delays when their mother experienced CA&N (RR = 2.62). Accumulation of developmental problems was associated with impairments in maternal RF in girls and with maternal exposure to CA&N in boys.

Conclusions

Results provide novel insights on the role of mentalization and child sex in the association between maternal CA&N and child development.

中文翻译：

母亲的童年虐待和忽视可预测儿童早期的后代发育：反思功能和儿童性行为的作用

背景

最近的证据表明，遭受童年虐待和忽视 (CA&N) 的母亲的后代出现发育问题的风险增加，并且男孩比女孩更容易受到母亲 CA&N 的影响。由于反射功能 (RF) 的损伤与母体 CA&N 和后代发育有关，因此 RF 可能代表这些代际风险轨迹中的关键机制。

客观的

本研究评估了母亲 CA&N 与儿童发育之间关联的中介（RF）和调节（儿童性）机制。

参与者和设置

在纵向环境中，111 名母亲在怀孕期间和产后 11 至 36 个月之间完成了测量。

方法

在怀孕期间评估 CA&N 和 RF 损伤，并在纵向随访期间使用年龄和阶段问卷 (ASQ-3) 测量后代发育。儿童发展以两种方式进行操作：使用 ASQ-3 的全球分数和使用跨发展领域的延迟累积的二分法分数。

结果

结构方程模型表明，RF 介导了母体 CA&N 与后代发育之间的关联。儿童性别缓和了 CA&N 与发育问题聚类之间的关联（Wald = 5.88，p = 0.02），当母亲经历 CA&N 时，男孩特别容易累积发育迟缓（RR = 2.62）。发育问题的累积与女孩的母亲 RF 损伤和男孩的母亲暴露于 CA&N 相关。