We report a comparative environmental study of organic and conventional open-field eggplant cultivation systems under Mediterranean (northern Greece) climatic conditions. Actual life cycle inventory (LCI) data were collected from local farm systems. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), organic eggplant cultivation exhibited better environmental performance per unit area (24.15% lower total environmental footprint compared to conventional cultivation), but conventional cultivation performed better per unit of mass (28.10% lower total environmental footprint compared to organic cultivation). The conventional system attained higher scores in eutrophication (up to 37.12%) and ecotoxicity (up to 83.00%) midpoint impact categories, due to the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide. This highlights the need for spatially explicit LCA that accounts for local environmental impacts at the local scale. For both cultivation systems, the main environmental hotspot was groundwater abstraction for irrigation owing to its infrastructure (drip irrigation pipes and pump) and electricity consumption from the fossil fuel-dependent energy mix in Greece. Excessive addition of soil fertilizer greatly affected the environmental sustainability of both systems, especially conventional cultivation, indicating an urgent need for fertilizer guidelines that enhance environmentally sustainable agricultural practice worldwide. Results were sensitive to lower marketable fruit yield, with the organic system performing better in terms of environmental relevance with respect to maximum yield. When renewable energy sources (RES) were used to drive irrigation, both systems exhibited reductions in total environmental footprint, suggesting that RES could help decarbonise the agricultural sector. Finally, eggplant transportation greatly affected the environmental sustainability of both cultivation systems, confirming that local production and consumption are important perquisites for environmental sustainability of agricultural products.

中文翻译：

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传统和有机茄子栽培系统对环境的影响：电力混合，产量，过度施肥和运输的影响

我们报告了地中海（希腊北部）气候条件下有机和常规露天茄子种植系统的比较环境研究。实际生命周期清单（LCI）数据是从本地农场系统收集的。使用生命周期评估（LCA），有机茄子种植在单位面积上表现出更好的环境绩效（与传统种植相比降低了24.15％的总环境足迹），但是传统种植在单位质量上的表现更好（与有机种植相比降低了28.10％的总环境足迹）培养）。由于使用化肥和农药，常规系统在富营养化（最高37.12％）和生态毒性（最高83.00％）中点影响类别中得分较高。这突显了需要在空间上显示LCA的能力，以在本地范围内解决本地环境影响。对于这两种耕作系统，主要的环境热点是由于其基础设施（滴灌管和水泵）以及希腊依赖化石燃料的能源结构而消耗的电力，因此用于灌溉的地下水被提取。土壤肥料的过量添加极大地影响了这两个系统的环境可持续性，尤其是常规耕作，这表明迫切需要制定肥料准则，以加强全球范围内环境可持续的农业实践。结果对较低的可销售水果产量很敏感，有机系统在环境相关性方面相对于最大产量而言表现更好。当使用可再生能源（RES）进行灌溉时，两个系统的总环境足迹都减少了，这表明RES可以帮助减少农业部门的碳含量。最后，茄子运输极大地影响了两个种植系统的环境可持续性，证实了当地的生产和消费对农产品的环境可持续性具有重要意义。