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Why scale is vital to plan optimal Nature-Based Solutions for resilient cities
Environmental Research Letters ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 , DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abd9f4
MG Hutchins 1 , D Fletcher 2 , A Hagen-Zanker 3 , H Jia 4 , L Jones 2 , H Li 5 , S Loiselle 6 , J Miller 1 , S Reis 7, 8 , I Seifert-Dhnn 9 , V Wilde 6 , C-Y Xu 5 , D Yang 10 , J Yu 3 , S Yu 11
Affiliation  

A need for multi-functional assessment tools evaluating trade-offs and co-benefits for various types of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) has been increasingly identified in recent years. Methodologically, concepts for a tool are presented which include quantifying the demand and potential for NBS to enhance ecosystem service (ES) provision, and linking ESs to readily quantifiable and legislatively-relevant environmental quality indicators (EQIs). The objective of tool application is to identify optimal NBS placement across a diverse set of socio-environmental indicators, whilst also incorporating issues of relative location of areas of implementation and benefit accrual. Embedded within the tool is the importance of evaluating outcomes in terms of economic benefits and of sustainable development goals. The concepts are illustrated with simplified examples, relating to the case of implementing urban forestry as an exemplar NBS. By summarising the knowledge base it is demonstrated that benefits of NBS are substantially scale-dependent in two main respects; those of extent and proximity to receptors. Evaluation tools should be capable of quantifying scale-dependence. The substantive importance of these considerations and how their dynamics vary between indicators and services is illustrated graphically through schematic functions. When developed, the tool should be used as a focus for consultation and co-design to pinpoint the size of NBS necessary to achieve a sufficient level of benefit for a particular receptor. This could be measured against target levels of benefit for each indicator, distinguishing between primary intended outcomes and those co-benefits or trade-offs that are secondary or unintended.



中文翻译:

为什么规模对于为具有弹性的城市规划最佳的基于自然的解决方案至关重要

近年来,越来越多地需要多功能评估工具来评估各种类型的基于自然的解决方案(NBS)的权衡和共同利益。从方法上讲,提出了一种工具的概念,其中包括量化国家统计局增强生态系统服务(ES)提供的需求和潜力,以及将ES与容易量化和法律相关的环境质量指标(EQI)联系起来。应用工具的目的是在各种社会环境指标中确定最佳的国家统计局布局,同时还要纳入实施领域相对位置和收益累积的问题。该工具内含着根据经济利益和可持续发展目标评估成果的重要性。通过简化示例说明了这些概念,这些示例与将城市林业作为示例国家统计局的情况有关。通过总结知识库,可以证明NBS的好处在两个主要方面基本上取决于规模。程度和与受体的接近程度。评估工具应该能够量化规模依赖性。这些注意事项的实质重要性及其在指标和服务之间的动态变化如何通过示意图功能以图形方式说明。开发该工具时,应将其用作咨询和共同设计的重点,以查明为特定受体获得足够利益的水平所需的NBS大小。可以根据每个指标的目标收益水平进行衡量,

更新日期:2021-03-11
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