ABSTRACT

Drought stress is one of the major yield limiting factors in grain legumes. The severity and intensity of drought stress are predicted to increase in the future. Drought stress in grain legumes at any stage causes significant yield reduction owing to a decrease in stand establishment (misfunctioning of germination enzymes like proteases and amylases), and nutrient uptake (decreasing water use efficiency), growth (disrupting cell division and leaf expansion), and yield formation (inhibiting photosynthesis). In this review, the major challenges of drought stress for grain legumes as germination and stand establishment, growth and development, light-harvesting and carbon fixation, yield formation, grain quality, and nutrient uptake are discussed. The options for crop improvement (breeding, OMICs, genomic, and transgenic) and crop management (agronomic options) have also been discussed. The crop improvement strategies as germplasm screening, using proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and use of biotechnological approaches along with crop management such as seed enhancement, adjustment of sowing time and planting geometry, soil amendments, and application of plant growth promoting microbes can help improve the field performance and productivity of grain legumes under drought stress. Water use can be economized with the use of information on soil water balance and crop phenological models.

摘要

干旱胁迫是影响豆科植物产量的主要因素之一。预计未来干旱胁迫的严重性和强度将会增加。由于林分建立（蛋白酶和淀粉酶等发芽酶功能失常）和养分吸收（降低水分利用效率）、生长（破坏细胞分裂和叶片扩张），任何阶段的谷物豆科植物的干旱胁迫都会导致产量显着下降，和产量形成（抑制光合作用）。在这篇综述中，讨论了干旱胁迫对豆科植物的主要挑战，如发芽和立植、生长和发育、采光和固碳、产量形成、籽粒品质和养分吸收。作物改良的选择（育种、组学、基因组、和转基因）和作物管理（农艺选择）也进行了讨论。作物改良策略，如种质筛选，使用蛋白质组学、代谢组学、转录组学、基因组学，以及使用生物技术方法以及作物管理，如种子改良、播种时间和种植几何形状的调整、土壤改良和植物生长促进微生物的应用，可以帮助改善干旱胁迫下豆科植物的田间表现和生产力。利用土壤水平衡和作物物候模型的信息可以节约用水。播种时间和种植几何形状的调整、土壤改良和植物促生微生物的应用有助于改善干旱胁迫下豆科植物的田间性能和生产力。利用土壤水平衡和作物物候模型的信息可以节约用水。播种时间和种植几何形状的调整、土壤改良和植物促生微生物的应用有助于改善干旱胁迫下豆科植物的田间性能和生产力。利用土壤水平衡和作物物候模型的信息可以节约用水。